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EMS Boards > Biostats and epi, public health, QI > Flashcards

Biostats and epi, public health, QI Flashcards

1
Q

Difference between two groups is found

A

Alternative hypothesis
Or rejecting null hypothesis

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2
Q

Opposite of cross sectional study

A

Longitudinal (follows for period of time)

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3
Q

What is STROBE

A

Guidelines to help strengthen observational studies
Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology

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4
Q

Case control vs cohort study

A

Case control - divides subjects based on outcome
Cohort - divides subjects based on initial exposure

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5
Q

When is meta analysis useful?

A

if published studies are underpowered or have conflicting results
Considered not human subject research

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6
Q

What kind of data is red-white-blue

A

Categorical (bins - no order)

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7
Q

What kind of data is the GCS or modified rankin scale

A

Ordinal (bins but definitive order)

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8
Q

What kind of data is numbers 1-100

A

Numerical or continuous

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9
Q

Type 1 error

A

Probability of aalse positive (or alpha)
P value

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10
Q

Type II error

A

Probability of false negative
Beta

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11
Q

Power formula

A

1 - beta

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12
Q

Test with normally distributed continuous data between 2 groups

A

Student T test

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13
Q

Test with normally distributed or continuous data between 3 or more groups

A

ANOVA

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14
Q

Test with ordinal data between 2 groups

A

Wilcoxon rank-sum test

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15
Q

Test with ordinal data between 3 or more groups

A

Kruskall-Wallis test

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16
Q

Test with categorical or binary data between groups

A

Chi-Square

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17
Q

Categorical or binary data if < 5 observations present

A

Fisher exact test

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18
Q

Regression and statistics linear vs logistic data

A

Linear: Continuous data
Logistics: Categorical data

19
Q

Sensitivity formula

A

true positives / all tested
a / ( a + c)

20
Q

Specificity formula

A

True negatives / all tested
d / (b + d)

21
Q

PPD formula

A

true positives / all positives
a / (a + b)

22
Q

NPV formula

A

true negatives / all negatives
d / (d + c)

22
Q

Bonferroni correction

A

When comparing multiple things
0.05 divided by number of variables

23
Q

Subgroup analysis

A

Rerunning analysis for smaller subset
(i.e women 18-25 year olds)
Careful for data mining

24
Q

What is a multivariable analysis

A

Simulations analysis of multiple outcome variablesW

25
Q

Who reviews interim data analysis

A

Data safety monitory board

26
Q

Regionalization

A

Formation of a coordinated statewide or regional system of care

27
Q

Categorization

A

Review against standards to classify the capabilities of the institution

28
Q

Designation

A

Formal selection for patient referral and transfer
Minimum standards must be met
Usually by state

29
Q

Why is self designation not ideal for a hospital? How it legal to block?

A

Inability to confirm categorization
Doesn’t count as anti-trust, If through valid regulatory agency

30
Q

Most common cause of diversion

A

Lack of inpatient capability of a hospital

31
Q

Syndromic surveillance

A

Monitoring for a constellation of symptoms prior to a defined diagnosis, utilized to improve speed of public health response during disease outbreak

32
Q

3 essential components for EMS interface with public health

A
  1. Assessment
  2. Policy development
  3. Assurance
33
Q

Quick access defibrillator studies

A
  1. Casino study
  2. American Airlines observational studies
  3. PAD trial
34
Q

Flexner report of 1910
Led to?

A

Accused medical institutions of making lots of poorly trained doctors
Led to minimum stands for education

35
Q

Crossing quality chasm stated

A

Redesign of healthcare
Safe, effective, patient centered, timely, efficient, equitable

36
Q

Model for improvement came up with what

A

PDSA cycle

37
Q

QA vs CQI

A

QA: emphasis on individuals performance, monitor and measure against a standard, reactive
QI: emphasis on process, systems approach, proactive

38
Q

EMS at crossroads stated

A

National evidence based performance measures

39
Q

NFPA 1710

A

Quality improvement program

40
Q

NFPA standards for turnout time, response time and defibrillation?

A

1710
Turnout time - , 60 seconds
Response time - first response in 4 minutes, transport arrival within 8 minutes, ALS within 8 minutes
Defib - 50% of first shocks within 5 minutes

41
Q

3 types of claims from QI

A

Defamation - provider claims performance review was slanderous
Antitrust/tortuous interference with business - loss of employment from discipline
Patient claim of negligent supervision - harmed by allowing provider to continue to practice

42
Q

Level C recommendation

A

Fair evidence - clinical service benefits and risks are equivocal

EMS Boards (32 decks)

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