Toxic Effects of Plants and Animals Flashcards
Which of the following statements regarding animal toxins is FALSE?
a. Animal venoms are strictly metabolized by the liver.
b. The kidneys are responsible for the excretion of metabolized venom.
c. Venoms can be absorbed by facilitated diffusion.
d. Most venom fractions distribute unequally throughout the body.
e. Venom receptor sites exhibit highly variable degrees of sensitivity.
A
Scorpion venoms do NOT:
a. affect potassium channels.
b. affect sodium channels.
c. affect chloride channels.
d. affect calcium channels.
e. affect initial depolarization of the action potential
D
Which of the following statements regarding widow spiders is TRUE?
a. Widow spiders are exclusively found in tropical regions.
b. Both male and female widow spiders bite and envenomate humans.
c. The widow spider toxin decreases calcium concentration in the synaptic terminal.
d. Alpha-latrotoxin stimulates increased exocytosis from nerve terminals.
e. A severe alpha-latrotoxin envenomation can result in life-threatening hypotension
D
Which of the following diseases is not commonly caused by tick envenomation?
a. Rocky Mountain spotted fever.
b. Lyme disease.
c. Q fever.
d. ehrlichiosis.
e. cat scratch fever
E
Which of the following is NOT characteristic Lepidoptera envenomation?
a. increased prothrombin time.
b. decreased fibrinogen levels.
c. decreased partial thromboplastin time.
d. increased risk of hemorrhaging.
e. decreased plasminogen levels.
C
A species of which of the following animals produces a venom that contains 60% formic
acid?
a. snakes.
b. lizards.
c. ants.
d. spiders.
e. scorpions.
C
Which of the following animals has a venom containing histamine and mast cell
degranulating peptide that is known for causing hypersensitivity reactions?
a. bees.
b. ants.
c. snakes.
d. spiders.
e. reduviids
A
Which of the following enzymes is not typically found in snake venoms?
a. hyaluronidase.
b. lactate dehydrogenase.
c. collagenase.
d. phosphodiesterase.
e. histaminase.
E
All of the following statements are true EXCEPT:
a. genetic variability plays a role in the toxicity of a plant.
b. plant toxins are most highly concentrated in the leaves.
c. young plants may have a higher toxin concentration than older plants.
d. the weather can influence the toxicity of plants.
e. soil composition can alter a plant’s production of toxin.
B
Activation of a vanilloid receptor is characteristic of which of the following chemicals?
a. acetylandromedol.
b. capsaicin.
c. colchine.
d. ergotamine.
e. linamarin.
B
