Air Pollution Flashcards
Which of the following compounds is NOT an oxidant-type air pollutant?
a. NO2.
b. SO2.
c. O3.
d. radical hydrocarbons.
e. aldehydes.
B
Which of the following pollutants contributes most to nontobacco-smoking lung cancer?
a. asbestos.
b. vinyl chloride.
c. benzene.
d. products of incomplete combustion.
e. formaldehyde
D
Inhalants, such as NO2 and trichloroethylene, can increase proliferation of opportunistic
pathogens in the lungs by:
a. destroying goblet cells in the respiratory tract.
b. damaging the alveolar septa.
c. inactivating cilia in the respiratory tract.
d. killing alveolar macrophages.
e. dampening the immune system
E
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of SO2 toxicology?
a. SO2 is a major reducing-type air pollutant.
b. Increased airflow rate increases the amount of SO2 inhaled.
c. SO2 inhalation causes vasoconstriction and increased blood pressure.
d. SO2 is predominately absorbed in the conducting airways.
e. SO2 inhalation increases mucus secretion in humans.
C
Which of the following would be MOST likely to occur on sulfuric acid exposure?
a. vasoconstriction.
b. decreased mucus secretion.
c. an anti-inflammatory response.
d. vasodilation.
e. bronchoconstriction.
E
All of the following statements regarding particulate matter are true EXCEPT:
a. Metals are most commonly released into the environment during coal and oil
combustion.
b. The interaction of gases and particles in the atmosphere can create a more toxic product
than the gas or particle alone.
c. Solubility does not play a role in the bioavailability of a metal.
d. The earth’s crust is an important source of atmospheric magnesium.
e. Diesel exhaust contains reducing- and oxidant-type air pollutants.
C
Which of the following statements is NOT true?
a. Ozone (O3) combines with a nitric oxide radical to form NO2.
b. O2 combines with an oxygen radical to form ozone.
c. O3 can cause damage to the respiratory tract.
d. Accumulation of O3 in the stratosphere is important for protection against UV radiation.
e. Cl2 gas is known to cause O2 degradation.
D
Which of the following is NOT a likely symptom of NO2 exposure?
a. increased secretion by club cells.
b. pulmonary edema.
c. shortness of breath.
d. loss of ciliated cells in bronchioles.
e. decreased immune response.
A
Which of the following statements regarding aldehyde exposure is FALSE?
a. The major aldehyde pollutants are formaldehyde and acrolein.
b. Formaldehyde is found in tobacco smoke, but acrolein is not.
c. Acrolein causes increased pulmonary flow resistance.
d. Formaldehyde exposure induces bronchoconstriction.
e. The water solubility of formaldehyde increases its nasopharyngeal absorption
B
Carbon monoxide (CO) exerts its toxic effects via its interaction with which of the
following?
a. DNA polymerase.
b. actin.
c. kinesin.
d. hemoglobin.
e. microtubules
D
