Toxic Drug Reactions Flashcards
How do you distinguish the difference between the 3 types of adverse drug reactions?
Side effects: off target, not intended responses that may impact patient compliance.
Augmented responses: extension of pharmacological effect that is usually dose-dependent and may seriously impact health.
Toxic reactions: not predicted from the pharmacology of the drug, sometimes not dose-dependent and can seriously impact health.
What are the 4 determinants of toxic drug responses and an example for each?
- Individual susceptibility
EX: Diet (malnourished person and acetaminophen liver damage) - Accessibility of drug to target
EX: ADME - Compensatory mechanisms
EX: Blood pH - Reactivity of drugs with target
EX: Reactive metabolites
What are potential interventions to prevent the toxic response of the 3 types of adverse drug reactions?
Side effects: figure out how to manage the symptoms or change in drug therapy
Augmented responses: change the dose
Toxic reactions: quickly act on to reduce potential damage
What are the likely outcomes of the 3 cell types of cells experiencing genomic damage?
Somatic cells: cancer that is dependent on route of exposure.
Germ cells: birth defects and childhood cancers.
Developing embryo: miscarriages, stillbirths and birth defects.
Of the different gestation stages of a women, does the teratogen result in embryo death, major congenital anomalies, or functional defects and minor anomalies.
During weeks 1-2, the teratogen results in embryo death and spontaneous abortion.
During weeks 3-8, the teratogen results in major congenital anomalies.
During weeks 9-38, the teratogen results in functional defects and minor anomalies.
What is the criteria for classification of an agent as a teratogen?
- Exposure results in a characteristic set of malformations.
- Effect occurs with the exposure at a specific stage of development.
- Effect is dose-dependent.
*all 3 are required to be a teratogen
What is a teratogen?
It is an agent that causes an abnormality in development.
