Lecture 23 and 24: Cell Injury

Question 1

How do cells respond to injury?

Question 2

What are the 5 major cellular adaptations in response to injury or stimuli?

Answer 2

Hypertrophy (size), Hyperplasia (number), Atrophy (size), Metaplasia (form), Dysplasia (organization)

Question 3

What is hypertrophy?

Answer 3

Definition:

Possible causes:

Outcomes:

Question 4

What is hyperplasia?

Answer 4

Definition:

Possible causes:

Outcomes:

Question 5

What is atrophy?

Answer 5

Definition:

Possible causes:

Outcomes:

Question 6

What is metaplasia?

Answer 6

Definition:

Possible causes:

Outcomes:

Question 7

What is dysplasia?

Answer 7

Definition:

Possible causes:

Outcomes:

Question 8

What are the 8 causes of cell injury and at least one example of each?

Question 9

What is the difference between reversible and irreversible cell injury?

Question 10

What are the mechanisms of cell injury?

Answer 10

ATP depletion:

Mitochondria damage:

Membrane damage:

Calcium influx:

Increased ROS:

Question 11

What are the causes and two apoptotic pathways?

Question 12

What is the difference between apoptosis and necrosis?

Question 13

What is each role of major players in the two apoptotic pathways and DNA fragmentation?

Answer 13

Bcl-2:

Bax:

Caspase 3:

Caspase 7:

Caspase 9:

Cytochrome c: