Toward World War I Flashcards
James M. Cox
A. Poor boy, made good as newspaperman, owned Dayton Daily News
B. Progressive Dem, elected as governor in 1912
C. Enabling legislation re: 1912 Constitutional amendments
- Direct primary
- Initiative and referendum, laws to avoid fraud
- Recall
- Modified Home Rule,
- Workman=s comp
- Children=s code B work, education, delinquency – Bureau of Juvenile Research
- Penal reform
- Rural school code B brought country schools up to urban standards
- Improved roads
- Agricultural commission
1913 Flood in Akron
A. March, 1913, torrential rains for 3 days
B. Akron, high hills, dynamite locks, ending usage of Ohio canal
C. Dayton
- S shaped Great Miami RiverOhio in the >Teens= & 20’s
- Floods up to 20’ deep
- Gas main fires
- John Patterson, NCR
John Patterson
(December 13, 1844–May 7, 1922) was an industrialist and founder of the National Cash Register Company. He was a businessperson and salesperson. During that disaster, John H. Patterson led the recovery efforts. NCR employees built nearly 300 flat-bottomed boats and Patterson organized rescue teams to save the thousands of people stranded on roofs and the upper stories of buildings. He turned the NCR factory on Stewart Street into an emergency shelter providing food and lodging, and he organized local doctors and nurses to provide medical care. Patterson’s vision for a managed watershed for the
Vonderheide Act of 1914
(Ohio Conservancy Law)
- Estab watershed districts managed by appt=d boards
- Board could issue bonds for construction, use eminent domain,
- Miami Conservancy District of 1915 first in nation levy taxes on those who benefitted
WWI - causes of War
- European alliances
- Austro-Hungarian Empire
- Serbian Assassination of Franz Ferdinand
- Domino Effect
WWI - Course of the War
- Initial German attacks east and west
- Stabilization of the front
- Trench Warfare
- Submarine warfare B Lusitania
American neutrality
- Debate over which side to favor
2. Wilson=s reelection
US enters the War
- Zimmerman telegram
- US declares war April 1, 1917
- Newton D. Baker of Cleveland Secretary of War
Ohio in the War
- Industrial contribution
- War propaganda
- Military contribution
Economy of the War
A. End of the wartime boom
1. Unemployment
B. Stimulated labor activity
- Strike activities
- Anti-union feelings
- 1919 allied invasion of Soviet Russia B Whites vs. Reds
- Immigration Act of 1922 restricted immigration, aided native
B. Companies responded
- With government protection, hired strikebreakers (scabs), esp. African-Americans
- Depressed economy aided this plan
- Positive response –paternalism
- Longer term response
B. Ohio economy of 1920’s very strong, with one sharp downturn in mid-decade, quickly ended by Coolidge tax cuts born whites and southern blacks moving north
Newton D. Baker
(December 3, 1871 – December 25, 1937) was an American politician who belonged to the Democratic Party. He served as the 37th mayor of Cleveland, Ohio from 1912 to 1915 and as U.S. Secretary of War from 1916 to 1921.
Council of National Defense
a United States organization formed during World War I to coordinate resources and industry in support of the war effort, including the coordination of transportation, industrial and farm production, financial support for the war, and public morale.
