Ohio Presidents 1877-1901 Flashcards
Pass Ohio History Final
Who is Rutherford B. Hayes
Born in Delaware, OH 1822 - died 1893
Ohio born president
Educated at Kenyon and Harvard
Worked in Cinci as a lawyer
Military guy
Elected to congress after war as Radical Republican
Gov of OH 1868-1876
Epitomized best middle class Victorian standards
Not brilliant or colorful but kind, high principled, public spirit, loyal, decent and honest, no egotism
Serves only one term
The Corrupt Bargain
There were many
2nd x during the Hayes Tilden 1876 election
disputed
Tilden clearly defeated Hayes in the popular vote - Hayes 1 vote electoral college declared winner
dispute continues - bargains between Dem and Rep that if Hayes’ cabinet consisted of at least one southerner and he withdrew all Union troops from south, then he would become president
“Lemonade” Lucy Hayes
Rutherford B Hayes’ wife
James A. Garfield
Born in log cabin in Cuyahoga County
Last log cabinet president
Widowed mother
Supported family with jobs including mule driver on OH Erie canal
Elected to follow Hayes in 1880
Educational career
Read Law, became practicing attorney
Lay minister in disciples of christ
Served in OH senate
resided to take commission in Cw as staff oficedr
at 31 became brigadier general - two years later a major general of volunteers
1862 Ohioans elected him to Congress
Pres Lincoln persuaded him to resign his commission
supported sound meony and flexible tariff and bus; fought agains corruption
Senator Roscoe Conkling
NY customs officer
Clean up corruption, even when it hurt his own party;
Roscoe Conkling and NY customs office; As President, Garfield strengthened Federal authority over the New York Customs House, stronghold of Senator Roscoe Conkling, who was leader
of the Stalwart Republicans and dispenser of patronage in
New York. When Garfield submitted to the Senate a list of
appointments including many of Conkling’s friends, he named
Conkling’s arch-rival William H. Robertson to run the Customs
House. Conkling contested the nomination, tried to persuade
the Senate to block it, and appealed to the Republican caucus to compel its withdrawal. But Garfield would not submit: “This…will settle the question whether the President is registering clerk of the Senate or the Executive of the United States…. shall the principal port of entry … be under the control of the administration or under the local control of a factional senator.” Conkling maneuvered to have the Senate confirm Garfield’s uncontested nominations and adjourn without acting on Robertson. Garfield countered by withdrawing all nominations except Robertson’s; the Senators would have to confirm him or
sacrifice all the appointments of Conkling’s friends. In a final desperate move, Conkling and his fellow-Senator from New York
resigned, confident that their legislature would vindicate their stand and re-elect them. Instead, the legislature elected two other men; the Senate confirmed Robertson. Garfield’s victory was complete.
Garfield shot
Assassinated by Charles Guiteau
Washington DC at Baltimore and Potomac RR station
Served less than 4 mths of 20 Presidency
2nd of 4 presidents to be assassinated
Senator Allen Thurman
Democratic Grover Cleveland’s running mate in 1888 election
Important Acts of Harrison Administration
Sherman Anti-Trust Act
Passed 1890an act of Congress (1890) prohibiting any contract, conspiracy, or combination of business interests in restraint of foreign or interstate trade. Sherman Antitrust Act definition. A federal law passed in 1890 that committed the American government to opposing monopolies.
Important Acts of Harrison Administration
McKinley Tariff
The tariff raised the average duty on imports to almost fifty percent, an act designed to protect domestic industries from foreign competition.
Important Acts of Harrison Administration
Sherman Silver Purchase Act
The measure did not authorize the free and unlimited coinage of silver that the Free Silver supporters wanted; however, it increased the amount of silver the government was required to purchase on a recurrent monthly basis to 4.5 million ounces
William McKinley 1843-1901
A. Cleveland assumes office just in time for Panic of 1893, presides over prolonged depression
- Born Niles, Ohio
- Some education at Allegheny College but illness and poverty force him to withdraw; joined SAE and wore fraternity pin as only adornment at Inauguration
- Civil War
- Lawyer in Canton
- Married Ida Saxton
B. Politics - Practiced law in Canton, Ida=s hometown
- Served in Congress, with one two year period out of Congress, from 1877
- Taken under wing of Marcus Hanna, elected Governor of to 1890 Ohio in 1891 and 1893
- Nominated for president in 1896 vs. William Jennings Bryan,Boy Orator of the Platte@
B. Administration - Sound money, high tariffs, prosperity (supported business); Panic of 1893
- Spanish-American War
- During first term, prosperity returned and victory in Cuba made him depression ends in 1897 popular. With TR as VP, McKinley wins again in 1900, GOP win both House and Senate.
B. Assassination - September 6, 1901, McKinley visits Pan American Exposition in Buffalo
- 28 year old anarchist, Leon Czolgosz, shot McKinley twice in stomach
- Died Sept 14
- McKinley=s political symbol, red carnation, become Ohio=s state flower stomach in 1904
Ida McKinley
Maiden name Ida B Saxton
Marcus Hanna
McKinley taken under wing of Marcus Hanna, elected Governor of
Ohio in 1891 and 1893
William Jennings Bryan
Nominated for president in 1896 vs. William Jennings Bryan,
Boy Orator of the Platte
“Remember the Maine”
In February 1898, relations between the United States and Spain deteriorated further. DUPUY DE LÔME, the Spanish minister to the United States had written a stinging letter about President McKinley to a personal friend. The letter was stolen and soon found itself on the desk of Hearst, who promptly published it on February 9. After public outcry, de Lôme was recalled to Spain and the Spanish government apologized. The peace was short-lived, however. On the evening of February 15, a sudden and shocking explosion tore a hole in the hull of the American battleship MAINE, which had been on patrol in HAVANA HARBOR. The immediate assumption was that the sinking of the Maine and the concomitant deaths of 260 sailors was the result of Spanish treachery. Although no conclusive results have ever been proven, many Americans had already made up their minds, demanding an immediate declaration of war.
McKinley proceeded with prudence at first. When the Spanish government agreed to an armistice in Cuba and an end to concentration camps, it seemed as though a compromise was in reach. But the American public, agitated by the yellow press and American imperialists, demanded firm action. “REMEMBER THE MAINE, TO HELL WITH SPAIN!” was the cry. On April 11, 1898, McKinley asked the Congress for permission to use force in Cuba. To send a message to the rest of the world that the United States was interested in Cuban independence instead of American colonization, Congress passed the TELLER AMENDMENT, which promised that America would not annex the precious islands. After that conscience-clearing measure, American leaders threw caution to the wind and declared open warfare on the Spanish throne.
