Toward A Global History of Psychology Flashcards
What does the neglect 95% refer to?
It refers to the idea that the USA is really over-represented compared to other continents (e.g. Asia).
What is a large weakness about the people that are usually included in Psychology studies?
Studies are usually about WEIRD countries.
Psychologists also rely heavily on students.
Unrepresentative sample!
Explain the link between the Muller-Lyer illusion (line illusion) and culture.
WEIRD countries were more effected than non-WEIRD countries. Shows the link between culture and differences in cognition.
What was Foucault’s view on psychiatry?
He had an anti-psychiatric view - believed that most institutions were just there to apply their political power.
What was Psychoanalysis stigmatised as?
Jewish Science.
Many Psychologists understood humans reasoned along a hierarchical sliding scale during the Western Enlightenment. Name the 3 stages of the hierarchical sliding scale.
Primitive culture - monotheistic religion - enlightened science.
Briefly state some key ideas in the view of females in Psychology history.
Darwinism naturalised sexism.
Men’s IQ scores were more variable than women’s.
There was a rationale for excluding women from higher degrees in science.
Marriage laws only allowing one member of the couple to be employed (e.g. Harry Harlow).
Attachment theory being used to keep women at home.
Explain the change in Psychology in the 1970s regarding women.
Increasing number of women took up Psychology.
New topics addressing inequality (e.g. gender stereotypes, reinterpretation of assumed sex differences).
Psychology allows women to expressed their previously under-acknowledged experiences (e.g. sexual harassment).
Explain the controversy behind the paper analysing the percentage of studies that used non-sexist language over the years.
This paper was made up of only women researchers. There was a lot of complaints due to this so a male researcher had to join the paper.
This is very bias as if the reverse occurred, no one would question it.
What is an issue of generalising results from USA to other continents?
Many rules of human behaviour in the USA don’t apply to other continents (e.g. Asia).
Name some of the key schools in Psychology that were highly racist.
Darwinism.
Psychoanalysis.
IQ testing.
Name some African-American Psychologists.
Francis Cecil Sumner.
Horace Mann Bond.
Kenneth & Mamie Clarke.
What was Chomsky’s position regarding universal language?
Chomsky believed that there was language universals. These reflect inborn human universals.
This theory was supported by Greenberg who only looked at 30 languages (there are currently 7000 human languages!).
