Tourism GW 2 - done Flashcards
Define mass tourism & niche tourism.
Mass tourism
- large number of tourists to a location together in a group
- comes in a package holiday
- caters to all ages, more impact on environment
Niche tourism
- tourism based on a particular interest or activity
- can be in by independent travellers
- eco-friendlier, age depends on activity
Describe ecotourism with the help of an example.
The responsible travel to natural areas that conserve the environment and improves wellbeing of the locals. Ecotourism aims to:
- minimise impact on environment
- build awareness for the environment and culture
- provides a positive experience for visitors and hosts
- provides benefits for locals
- provides financial benefits for conservation
Waitomo Caves - glowworm caves
- tours are managed by the New Zealand government partnering with the local Maori people
- tour operations halt when CO2 levels reach 2400 ppm to minimise inpact on the environment
- local Maori people get income from portion of entrance fees and as employment as cave staff
State how developments in technology has led to growth of tourism.
Better and more affordable transport
- improvements in safety and efficiency of transportation modes
- cheaper to travel longer distances compared to before developments in technology
- Flight drom London Stansted Airport to Dusseldorf is only £7.99
- increased convenience, increased affordability, saves time
E-services: booking & ease of access to information
- more information is readily accessible on the internet & quickly updated
- tourists can control their holidays and do more research
- Trivago and Traveloka allow tourists to look for and book accommodation or transportation online ahead of time
- increased convenience, saves time, increased awareness of attractions
State how demand factors affect the growth of tourism.
Disposable income
- the amount of income left to a person after taxes have been paid, for spending on goods.
- rapid economic growth in a country leads to more people having more disposable income.
- in 2017, Chinese tourists made 143 million journeys abroad, as China’s wealth is steadily increasing.
- increased ability to travel, increased demand for tourism services
Leisure time
- when more people are free from work and have more paid leave/holidays, they can afford to travel more often
- In Australia, many employees can exchange paid overtime work for leave and increase their chances of taking longer weekend breaks.
- increases ability to travel, increased demand for tourism services
Changing lifestyle
- modern pace of life is much faster than before and people spend more time at work, and are more stressed
- they want to take a break and relax
- in Australia, grey nomads are retirees who spend their time travelling in mobile homes and explore their country.
- increased ability to travel, increased demand for tourism services.
State how destination factors lead to the growth of tourism.
Attractions
- the features or qualities of a place that makes it interesting or enjoyable
- increased attraction of tourists
Investment in infrastructure and services
- investments in transportation and communication networks allows for greater efficiency in serving greater numbers of tourists
- they can attract more tourists who like the convenience and ease of travelling in the country, and increase tourism
- Terminal 4 of Changi Airport raised the airport’s total capacity up to 82 million passengers when it was built.
- increases accessibility, increases convenience, increases comfort. saves time
Access to information
- tourists are more likely to visit a place if the information they need is easily accessed
- even better when information is translated to other languages to remove language barrier for tourists
- signs for tourists showing etiquette are often in English to allow ease of communication
- increases accessibility, increases convenience, saves time
State how disasters lead to fluctuations in tourism.
Natural disasters such as typhoons or storms passing through an area can cause widespread damage to the place’s infrastructure and discourage tourism.
- in September 2018, Hongkong and the Philippines were hit by Typhoon Mangkhut which stopped flights and transportation services
- planes at HK airport were severely damaged and almost 1000 flights were halted or delayed
- in the PH, dozens were killed with landslides and floods in tourist destinations
Tourists will in turn avoid the location to stay safe, decreasing tourism in these places.
State how diseases lead to fluctuations in tourism.
Diseases can be contagious and easily passed from locals to tourists visiting the location, and health advisories are often issued to warn tourists to avoid these places.
- COVID deceased international tourists by 900 million between Jan-Oct 2020 compared to the same period in 2019
Tourists would avoid these areas to stay safe and not contract any diseases, leading to a decrease in tourism.
State how political situations lead to fluctuations in tourism.
Political instability in a country can lead to violent demonstrations or passing of laws and orders that negatively affect the tourists who happen to be in the country at the time.
- the anti-government protests in Hongkong led to a 40% drop in visitors
- protests also paralysed the airport in August 2019, cancelling hundreds of flights
Tourists avoid the place to not get hurt. Travel services are also disrupted and tourists may get stuck in places. This thus leads to a decrease in tourism.
State how economic recessions lead to fluctuations in tourism.
Sometimes, the currency of a country may become weaker in value, and more money can be exchanged for those foreign currencies.
- The SGD remains strong while other currencies in the region like the Malaysian Ringgit or VND remains weaker
- tourists are deterred from spending in Singapore as it is more expensive, and travel to other places instead
This leads to less spending and travelling to countries with a stronger economy during global recessions.
