Tourism Case Studies Flashcards
Describe Blackpool
- NW coast of England
- in lancashire
- 30 miles north of Liverpool
- one of Britains first mass tourist destinations
- North Pier built 1863
- South Pier 1869
- Blackpool tower opened 1894, 158m
What are the reasons for growth in Blackpool as a tourist destination?
- situated on coast and close to large cities e.g. Manchester
- railway network built in 1846 allowed cheap, long distance travel
- stagecoaches running from Manchester on a private road made it easier to access than other coastal locations
- sea water thought to have health benefits in mid-18th century
describe the strategies to cope with large tourist numbers in Blackpool?
Reduce congestion:
- allow tourists to move more easily in the area, improve their experience and make them more likely to return. make local happy as well. but expensive
Rebrand the area: ‘city life on the beach’, Strictly Come Dancing
- attracts more visitors instead of coping large tourist numbers.
- locals more happy with rebranding
- widen knowledge of Blackpool
- seasonal income, so not reliable
Improve public transport:
- devleop National Cycle Network routes 6 and 68
- better rail connections to Manchester Airport and Liverpool John Lennon Airport
- £18.2m extension to Blackpool’s tram system
Improve tourist info and facilities:
- improved service areas at key gateway points in Preston, Lancaster etc
- eliminate poor quality accommodation
- in 2010 Blackpool tower was bought by Blackpool council to make opportunity for greater investment
Invest in tourist experience:
- secured £1m to set up a Tourism Academy
Diversify visitor groups:
- shift away from stag and hen parties and to family tourism
MArketing:
- £1m campaign by Merlin and Visit Blackpool in 2014
Describe plans to ensure continual success of tourism in Blackpool
- a £5m revamp in Blackpool Tower’s summit
- Madame Tussauds was opened making it the first outside London
- £18.2m extension to Blackpool’s tram system on 2014 to boost economy
- £100m upgrade of Blackpool’s tramway in 2013
- £220m transformation of the north of the town centre known as the Central Business District
- Centre shopping area redeveloped and pedestrianised
- redeveloping sea front between piers to protect the town
Describe the location and climate of Jamaica
- south of Tropic of Cancer
- in caribbean
- North of Equator
- around 35km in width
- Kingston is the capital
- average temp of around 27 degrees
- more rain in Autumn months
How much of the GDP does tourism account for in Jamaica?
- Jamaica is a relatively poor country (GDP $14.76 billion)
- tourism accounts for 45% of the money it earns from abroad
Why does Jamaica attract large numbers of tourists?
- weather: v good and little rainfall in summer
- wildlife and natural beauty
- good facilities: hotels and gold courses
- man-made attractions: museums, gardens
- beaches: sunbathing
- food and culture: reggae music
What are the positive effects of mass tourism in Jamaica?
Environmental:
- tourists dont like high rise buildings spoiling the view, so hotels are all low rise to limit visual impact
- landscaping Montego Bay town has made it attractive for visitors
- water treatment plant has been built at Logwood (east of Negril). limits pollution from Negril’s hotels
- Negril Marine Park Nature Reserve has been established which helps preserve sea life that tourist snorkelers and divers can see
Economic:
- Negril Marine Park Nature Reserve has been established which helps preserve sea life that tourist snorkelers and divers can see
- tourism business employ many local Jamaican staff
- Jamaicans learn skills that can be used in other parts of the economy
- taxes paid to government by businesses and workers help the country to develop (multiplier effect)
- new infrastructure must be built in place for tourists, which also benefits locals
- Jamaican tourism workers spend their wages in other Jamaican businesses, so they are more profitable and employ more staff
- many tourism jobs pay well in Jamaican standards, compared to subsistence agriculture
- North of Negril mangroves have been cleared to develop tourism
- some skilled Jamaicans leave to work abroad for more money. therefore remittances
What are the negative effects of mass tourism in Jamaica?
Environmental:
- minibuses and taxis emit exhaust gases and add noise levels. common on A1 road
- north east of Negril coral reefs have been damaged by jet skis and boat anchors
- great Morass wetland has been partly drained to reclaim land for homes in Negril
- North of Negril mangroves have been cleared to develop tourism
Economic:
- tourist jobs and money are concentrated in resorts, so inequalities with other parts of the country increase
- economic leakage means less tax revenue for the government, so less development in Jamaica
- tourists may be narrow minded and prefer imported food
- many tourism businesses owned by foreign companies, os there is economic leakage
- jobs in tourism are seasonal
- some skilled workers leave Jamaica for more money
What strategies are used to maintain importance of tourism and reducing its negative impacts in Jamaica?
- responsible tourism: involves local people and aims to do as little harm as possible e.g. local guides take tourists of the beaten track to encourage them to buy local food
- community tourism: local people running small-scale guesthouses. helps to bring tourists to less-developed towns such as Port Antonio. develops a culture on inclusion and makes people more aware of community. provides a sense of ownership in the industry
- educating tourists and locals: taught to avoid negative environmental effects
- tourists and locals use ‘Meet the people’ website: set through Jamican Tourist Board, helps keep visitors and locals to understand each other
What are the negative of reducing negative impacts of tourism in Jamaica?
- small scale tourism not as profitable
- opening up new spaces may encourage honey potting in that area
- tourists may not be able to access rural areas easily
What are extreme environments?
- harsh and challenging conditions
- could be from ecosystem, climate, landscape or location
Why is extreme tourism increasing?
- younger, more adventurous people known as DINKs are target market
- they have fitness and cash
Describe Antarctica
- world’s southern most continent
- 99% covered in ice sheet
- 14million km^2
- increase in tourists by 300% between 2000/1 to 2007/8
Why are more tourists going to Antarctica?
- more disposable income may be DINKs
- social media gives widespread attention
- cheaper and more accessible
- package holidays
