Tourism Case Studies Flashcards
Describe Blackpool
- NW coast of England
- in lancashire
- 30 miles north of Liverpool
- one of Britains first mass tourist destinations
- North Pier built 1863
- South Pier 1869
- Blackpool tower opened 1894, 158m
What are the reasons for growth in Blackpool as a tourist destination?
- situated on coast and close to large cities e.g. Manchester
- railway network built in 1846 allowed cheap, long distance travel
- stagecoaches running from Manchester on a private road made it easier to access than other coastal locations
- sea water thought to have health benefits in mid-18th century
describe the strategies to cope with large tourist numbers in Blackpool?
Reduce congestion:
- allow tourists to move more easily in the area, improve their experience and make them more likely to return. make local happy as well. but expensive
Rebrand the area: ‘city life on the beach’, Strictly Come Dancing
- attracts more visitors instead of coping large tourist numbers.
- locals more happy with rebranding
- widen knowledge of Blackpool
- seasonal income, so not reliable
Improve public transport:
- devleop National Cycle Network routes 6 and 68
- better rail connections to Manchester Airport and Liverpool John Lennon Airport
- £18.2m extension to Blackpool’s tram system
Improve tourist info and facilities:
- improved service areas at key gateway points in Preston, Lancaster etc
- eliminate poor quality accommodation
- in 2010 Blackpool tower was bought by Blackpool council to make opportunity for greater investment
Invest in tourist experience:
- secured £1m to set up a Tourism Academy
Diversify visitor groups:
- shift away from stag and hen parties and to family tourism
MArketing:
- £1m campaign by Merlin and Visit Blackpool in 2014
Describe plans to ensure continual success of tourism in Blackpool
- a £5m revamp in Blackpool Tower’s summit
- Madame Tussauds was opened making it the first outside London
- £18.2m extension to Blackpool’s tram system on 2014 to boost economy
- £100m upgrade of Blackpool’s tramway in 2013
- £220m transformation of the north of the town centre known as the Central Business District
- Centre shopping area redeveloped and pedestrianised
- redeveloping sea front between piers to protect the town
Describe the location and climate of Jamaica
- south of Tropic of Cancer
- in caribbean
- North of Equator
- around 35km in width
- Kingston is the capital
- average temp of around 27 degrees
- more rain in Autumn months
How much of the GDP does tourism account for in Jamaica?
- Jamaica is a relatively poor country (GDP $14.76 billion)
- tourism accounts for 45% of the money it earns from abroad
Why does Jamaica attract large numbers of tourists?
- weather: v good and little rainfall in summer
- wildlife and natural beauty
- good facilities: hotels and gold courses
- man-made attractions: museums, gardens
- beaches: sunbathing
- food and culture: reggae music
What are the positive effects of mass tourism in Jamaica?
Environmental:
- tourists dont like high rise buildings spoiling the view, so hotels are all low rise to limit visual impact
- landscaping Montego Bay town has made it attractive for visitors
- water treatment plant has been built at Logwood (east of Negril). limits pollution from Negril’s hotels
- Negril Marine Park Nature Reserve has been established which helps preserve sea life that tourist snorkelers and divers can see
Economic:
- Negril Marine Park Nature Reserve has been established which helps preserve sea life that tourist snorkelers and divers can see
- tourism business employ many local Jamaican staff
- Jamaicans learn skills that can be used in other parts of the economy
- taxes paid to government by businesses and workers help the country to develop (multiplier effect)
- new infrastructure must be built in place for tourists, which also benefits locals
- Jamaican tourism workers spend their wages in other Jamaican businesses, so they are more profitable and employ more staff
- many tourism jobs pay well in Jamaican standards, compared to subsistence agriculture
- North of Negril mangroves have been cleared to develop tourism
- some skilled Jamaicans leave to work abroad for more money. therefore remittances
What are the negative effects of mass tourism in Jamaica?
Environmental:
- minibuses and taxis emit exhaust gases and add noise levels. common on A1 road
- north east of Negril coral reefs have been damaged by jet skis and boat anchors
- great Morass wetland has been partly drained to reclaim land for homes in Negril
- North of Negril mangroves have been cleared to develop tourism
Economic:
- tourist jobs and money are concentrated in resorts, so inequalities with other parts of the country increase
- economic leakage means less tax revenue for the government, so less development in Jamaica
- tourists may be narrow minded and prefer imported food
- many tourism businesses owned by foreign companies, os there is economic leakage
- jobs in tourism are seasonal
- some skilled workers leave Jamaica for more money
What strategies are used to maintain importance of tourism and reducing its negative impacts in Jamaica?
- responsible tourism: involves local people and aims to do as little harm as possible e.g. local guides take tourists of the beaten track to encourage them to buy local food
- community tourism: local people running small-scale guesthouses. helps to bring tourists to less-developed towns such as Port Antonio. develops a culture on inclusion and makes people more aware of community. provides a sense of ownership in the industry
- educating tourists and locals: taught to avoid negative environmental effects
- tourists and locals use ‘Meet the people’ website: set through Jamican Tourist Board, helps keep visitors and locals to understand each other
What are the negative of reducing negative impacts of tourism in Jamaica?
- small scale tourism not as profitable
- opening up new spaces may encourage honey potting in that area
- tourists may not be able to access rural areas easily
What are extreme environments?
- harsh and challenging conditions
- could be from ecosystem, climate, landscape or location
Why is extreme tourism increasing?
- younger, more adventurous people known as DINKs are target market
- they have fitness and cash
Describe Antarctica
- world’s southern most continent
- 99% covered in ice sheet
- 14million km^2
- increase in tourists by 300% between 2000/1 to 2007/8
Why are more tourists going to Antarctica?
- more disposable income may be DINKs
- social media gives widespread attention
- cheaper and more accessible
- package holidays
How are tourists impacting the environment in Antarctica?
- vessels leak gasoline, which have deadly consequences
- krill is the foundation of food chains and may die due to leakages
- only two ways tp get there: plane and ship
- more than 60 research centres
- mediterranean mussel, an invasive species, attach themselves to ships and interfere with marine ecosystems
- 2007 MS Explorer sinking was a wake-p call to have tighter control
- waste disposal must be tightly regulated and removed form the continent
Describe the management strategies for Antarctica
Capping number of cruise vessels visiting each area due to Antarctic Treaty:
- reduces carbon dioxide emission
- minimise disruption to this un-spoilt environment
- prevents cruise ships events such as oil spillage destroying ecosystems such as November 2007 ship sinking
Prohibiting disposal of waste:
- allows some visitors to enjoy Antarctica without spoiling it for future
Regulation set up by International Association of Antarctica Tour Operators for visitors:
- protects antartica wildlife, repeats protected areas
- respects scientific research
- keeps it clean
- stop non-native species coming
Pack a pest campaign
- encourages tourists to check and stops non-native species coming
Describe the Galapagos Islands
- top most part of island lies on Equator
- southern most 6 degrees off Equator
- an archipelago with 21 volcanic islands
- part of Ecuador
- 26,000 inhabitants
- 53% GDP from tourism
What are the ways ecotourism benefits the environment?
- Ecoventura’s cruse ship ‘Eric’ became first hybrid energy tour boat in Galapagos. a $100,000 installation of 40 solar panels and two wind turbine
- Ecoventura became the first carbon neutral operation in Galapagos, reducing carbon emissions
- through Native Energy Travel Offsets (NETO), Ecoventura were able to invest in carbon credits and built new wind turbines on farms
- Ecoventura and WWF establisjed Galapagos Marine Biodiversity Fund, strengthens local communities to manage natural resources
- Ecoventura plays a role to reduce, reuse and recycle
- 97% land is designated National Park and the sites’ carefully monitor ecological condition
What are the economic benefits of ecotourism in Galapagos?
- Ecoventura has one of the highest percentages in the industry of employing local guides and crew
- Ecoventura only hires locals
- guides are all Ecuadorian nationals, 65% are Galapagos residents, 25% native Galapagos
- Through ‘Drops of Hope’ Ecoventura has sponsored salaries for teachers and physical therapists
What are the benefits to people’s lives of ecotourism in Galapagos?
- Ecoventura’s new wind turbines benefits farms
- GMBF educates locals about environment and marine conservation
- since 2009, a total of 78 scholarships have been granted to local students to attend a two year technical career program
- ecoventural helped to support various initiatives that benefit local population living in Puerto Baquerizo, San Cristobal
- local school, Alejandro Alvear, is supported by Ecoventrua for children with Down’s and adults to learn sign language
What are the benefits to people’s lives of ecotourism in Galapagos?
- Ecoventura’s new wind turbines benefits farms
- GMBF educates locals about environment and marine conservation
- since 2009, a total of 78 scholarships have been granted to local students to attend a two year technical career program
- ecoventural helped to support various initiatives that benefit local population living in Puerto Baquerizo, San Cristobal
- local school, Alejandro Alvear, is supported by Ecoventrua for children with Down’s and adults to learn sign language
