Tourism

Question 1

What factors have influenced the growth of tourism (since the 1950s)?

Answer 1

Social:

• Britain becomes a multi-culturural society with the arrival of Caribbean immigrants
• young people want time away
• annual leave is longer. as of April 2008, holiday increased from 15 to 28 days
• improvement in transport links
• people take early retirement pensions
• colour TV make travel shows more popular
• people view holiday adverts on the internet which facilitates online booking
• people working shorter week and flexitime
• travel firms offer all-inclusive packages
• eating habits more adventurous
• jet aircraft comes and is cheaper and faster
• budget airlines such as Ryanair and Easyjet
• higher wages so more disposable income

Political:

• relaxation of boundaries between EU countries and common currency make sit easy to travel
• changes in policies towards tourism. e.g. China and East Germany used to not allow tourism

Economic:

• many family have duel income. more disposable income
• wide-bodied jets and fuel-efficient engines reduced airline costs.
• most people have fewer children so greater disposable income
• most people from HIC and LIC have increased incomes than necessities
• fluctuations in currency of a holiday destination makes its attractive

Question 2

What places are popular tourism areas?

Answer 2

• cities
• mountains
• coasts
• you should know why

Question 3

What is economic importance of toursim?

Answer 3

• counts for 10% of global GDP
• 1/11 jobs
• $1.5 trillion in exports
• 7% of world’s exports
• 30% of services exports
• international tourist arrivals grew by 4.6% in 2015 to 1,184 million
• UN forecasts a growth in international tourist arrivals of between 3.5% and 4.5% in 2016

Question 4

Where does tourism matter most?

Answer 4

• important globally but may be more important in poorer countries as it contributes to a greater proportion of their GDP

Question 5

What is the Multiplier Effect?

Answer 5

• new industry set up
• creates more jobs / - creates more work for local suppliers and services

(-other companies attracted to the area)

• more jobs created
• more spending power to those employed and to the businesses in the area
• money spent on improving the local infrastructure, image and services
• area becomes more desirable industrial location
• cycle repeats

Question 6

How much of the GDP does tourism contribute to in some countries?

Answer 6

• St Lucia: 37%
• Haiti: 7%
• Romania: 6%
• Maldives: 30%

Question 7

Describe the contribution of tourism to the UK economy

Answer 7

• tourism was worth £11.54 billion to the UK economy in 2009, equivalent to 8.9% of GDP
• numbers of jobs supported by tourism is set to increase by 250,000 between 2010 and 2020 from 2.645 million to 2.899 million
• London remains key attraction for overseas visitors, more than 14.6 million spending time there in 2010 and spending over £8.6 billion
• Royal Family generated around £500 million every year

Question 8

What are the four external factors on visitor numbers in the UK?

Answer 8

• Economy: if economy is expanding, people more happy to spend and go on trip to the UK. if there is rising unemployment, people afraid to spend
• Exchange rates/currency: a weak pound and strong $ means a low £ exchange rate makes UK good value. a strong £ means UK is expensive to visit
• Security: no recent terrorist incidents make UK seem safe. peace of mind
• Media coverage: positive publicity attracts visitors

Question 9

What is the Butler model?

Answer 9

• any tourist resort starts on a small scale, develops into something more significant, then either declines or continues to attract

Question 10

What are the six stages of the Butler model?

Answer 10

1. Exploration
   - small numbers of visitors are attracted by something particular (e.g. beaches, attractive landscape)
   - local people have not yet developed many tourist services
2. Involvement
   - local population sees opportunities and starts to provide accommodation, food, transport, guides etc
3. Development
   - large companies build hotels and leisure complexes and advertise package holidays
   - number of tourists rise dramatically
   - job opportunities grow rapidly
4. Consolidation
   - tourism now a major part of local economy, but may be at the expense of other types of development
   - number of visitors steady, making employment secure
   - some hotels and places become older and unattractive
   - rowdiness a problem
5. Stagnation
   - resort becomes unfashionable
   - n. of visitors decline
   - businesses change hand and fail
6. Decline or Rejuvenation
   - decline: visitors prefer other resorts. day trippers and weekenders become main source of income
   - rejuvenation: attempts are made to modernise the resort and attract different people to enjoy new activities

Question 11

Draw the Butler model

Answer 11

GO NOW

Question 12

What is mass tourism?

Answer 12

• when a large number of tourists visit the same destination
• equates tot the development and consolidation phases of the Butler tourist life cycle model

Question 13

What is stewardship?

Answer 13

• the personality responsibility for looking after things, in the case of the environement
• no one should damage the present of future environment
• active management for future

Question 14

What is conservation?

Answer 14

• the careful and planned use of resources in order to preserve and maintain the natural environment for future generations

Question 15

What is ecotourism

Answer 15

• responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and improves the well-being of local people