Tourism Flashcards
What is the definition of a tourist?
Someone who travels for recreation, leisure or business and stays more than one night somewhere that is not their home
What are 4 reasons that countries are keen to increase tourism?
Support for local industries, employment, money/wealth, improvements in infrastructure/public services
What are the 5 reasons that tourism has grown in recent years?
Greater affluence, more leisure time, more accessibility, package holidays, advertising
What does the multiplier effect show?
That money/wealth generated by tourism can circle through a country’s economy continuously (or until it is eventually ‘leaked’)
What is money ‘leakage’?
The money generated (e.g. in tourism) is lost to other countries/sources (e.g. foreign travel companies) that remove the money from the country’s economy
Why is tourism particularly important to LEDCs?
They often do not have many other main economic sources, whereas MEDCs usually have many economic sources to rely on
What is a domestic tourist?
A tourist who takes a holiday within their country of origin
How much does the UK earn per year from tourism?
Approximately £115 billion (per year)
What are the 5 stages of the butler model?
Exploration/discovery, development, consolidation, stagnation, decline or rejuvenation
What is stage 1 of the butler model?
Exploration/discovery: visited by a few adventurous tourists, very few tourist facilities e.g. Sierra Leone
What is stage 2 of the butler model?
Development: No. of tourists increases, development of facilities and accommodation by locals e.g. Vietnam
What is stage 3 of the butler model?
Consolidation: Visited by large numbers of tourists, most tourist facilities/hotels owned by large travel companies e.g. Caribbean
What is stage 4 of the butler model?
Tourist numbers reach their peak level and level off, resort is no linger fashionable e.g. Mexico
What is stage 5 of the butler model?
Decline: Tourist numbers decline as they seek new, ‘unspoiled’ areas
Rejuvenation: investment and advertising attract new visitors e.g. Spain
What does the butler model show?
The life-cycle of a resort/tourist area
What are 2 external factors that affect tourism?
Terrorism and disease
What impact does terrorism have upon tourism?
People stop travelling to that area and travel less in general or stay for shorter periods of time e.g. 9/11
What impact does disease have upon tourism?
People stop travelling to that area, they also tend to write off the country and continent as a whole (even though it is not usually affected in any way…) e.g. Ebola in Africa
What is a national park?
An area (usually designated by law) where development is limited/banned. The landscape is regarded as valuable and worth preserving
What are the 2 duties of national parks?
To preserve and enhance an area’s natural beauty
To promote people’s enjoyment of the countryside
What 3rd duty do national parks have?
To “seek to foster the economic and social well being pf local communities within national parks”
What are 5 reasons for the increase of tourism in national parks?
More car ownership, longer paid holidays, greater affluence, more awareness of natural beauty (social media), higher % of retired people
What are the 4 main issues caused by tourism in the Lake District?
Traffic problems, Honeypot sites, pressure on property, environmental issues
What % of tourists arrive by car to the Lake District?
89%
Why does traffic congestion occur in the Lake District?
Lots of cars= congestion and limited public transport adds to this, bottleneck roads (E.g. in Ambleside and Bowness) also cause traffic to slow
What effect does traffic congestion have?
Lack of parking, wildlife disrupted, locals cannot travel, noise pollution, air pollution, local businesses can’t be reached so lose income
How many tourists does the Lake District receive annually?
12 to 14 million
How many people live in the Lake District?
Around 42,300 people
What happens at honeypot sites?
Too many tourists causes footpath erosion, and at popular sites (e.g.Cat bells) routes can become severely eroded creating ugly scars on the land.
What do guidebooks do that causes more damage to the countryside?
Guidebooks encourage tourists to previously remote areas, causing damage to wildlife in order for tourists to see ‘unspoiled’ areas
What % property in the Lake District is second hand or tourist let?
20%
What does a high % of second homes and tourist let properties cause?
Higher house prices; locals can no longer afford to buy housing in the area so move away
How many people work on repairing the footpaths in the Lake District each year?
10 million
How are footpaths in the Lake district repaired and preserved?
Stone-pitching (stones put on the paths to prevent path erosion) organisations such as ‘fix the fells’ use this method to prolong the life span of the paths
What are 4 traffic solutions in the Lake District?
Traffic free walking/cycle routes, clear road restrictions, lots of small car parks (blend in with landscape), improved public transport
What is an example of a place in the Lake District where traffic solutions are used?
Grasmere: traffic restrictions, improved coach parking and a bus link between main attractions
Why are national parks difficult to manage?
They are largely owned by private owners, e.g. RAF, army, farmers, national trust; this causes conflict between land use (as farm animals may be disturbed, tourists endangered, public footpaths dangerous)
What % of tourists to the Lake District arrive by car?
around 90%
