Tourism Flashcards
Reasons for visiting cities
- culture (e.g. museums and art galleries)
- entertainment (e.g. bars, restaurants, theatres)
- shopping
London / New York / Paris
Reasons for visiting mountainous regions
- beautiful scenery
- walking, climbing and skiing / snowboarding
Alps
Reasons for visiting coastal areas
- swimming, snorkelling, fishing and water skiing
Spain / Caribbean / Thailand
Importance of tourism to economy
- Creates jobs
- Increases income of other industries like agriculture for food
- Emirates Airline staff in Dubai carries passengers on long haul flights
- Poorer countries more dependant - tourism 15% of Kenya GNP but 3% of UK
Reasons for growing tourism
- More disposable income
- Companies give more paid holidays
- Air travel is cheaper (budget airlines)
- Holiday providers (tour companies and hotels) sell products directly over the internet so they are cheaper
- Improvements in transport (e.g. more airports) - no boat trips Aust.
- Better marketing for unusable destinations in Middle East/Africa
- Countries have invested in infrastructure like hotels
Why do people visit the UK?
- Countryside
- Historic landmarks like Big Ben and Stonehenge
- Churches and cathedrals like St Paul’s cathedral
- Castles and palaces like Buckingham palace
Factors that impact tourism in the UK
- Weather (wet summer in 2007)
- World economy (people cut spending on luxuries in recession)
- Exchange rate (strong pound = fewer tourists)
- Terrorism and conflict (7/7 attacks)
- Major events like 2012 Olympic Games
Tourist Area Lifecycle
- Exploration (few visitors by scenery or culture and no tourist facilities)
- Involvement (local people provide tourist facilities)
- Development (facilities increase and control - locals to large firms)
- Consolidation (tourism is part of local economy - numbers level off)
- Stagnation (numbers peak and facilities not as good)
- Decline (facilities run-down or shut and area is less attractive)
- Rejuvenation (investment in tourism and management)
Tourist Area Lifecycle for Lake District
Exploration - early 1900s few wealthy came to relax by Lake W
Involvement - 1930s locals turned homes into B&Bs/pleasure boats
Development - 1951 gained National Park status /car ownership grew
Consolidation - millions visiting in 1970s / 1000s of hotels + B&Bs / pleasure boat companies operating at Lake Windermere
Stagnation - 1990s increase in holidays within Europe / eroded footpaths / polluted Lake W / UK recession
Rejuvenation - laws to protect eroded footpaths / investment in culture like Beatrix Potter and Wordsworth Museum / farmer markets
Ways to reduce negative impacts of tourism
- Improve public transport to reduce congestion and pollution
- Limit the number of visitors to sensitive environments, e.g. coral reef
- Provide bins to reduce litter
- Signs to educate
Ways to maintain tourism
- Build new facilities or improve existing ones (e.g. Hotels)
- Advertise
- Improve transportation (accessibility)
- Offer new activities to attract tourists
- Make it cheaper to visit
Reasons extreme tourism is becoming popular
- Adventure holiday activities
- Different and exciting holiday (away from mass tourism)
- Enjoy risk factor (danger/harsh conditions)
- Wildlife can only be seen there (e.g. Polar bears)
- Scenery only seen there (e.g. ice bergs)
Transport improved (Qinghai-Tibet railway)
Chance to see places (ice melt)
Advertising
Disposable income
Stewardship
Taking responsibility for the careful management of the environment on a large scale across regions, nations and even internationally. All developments are planned sustainably.
Examples are British Adventure groups like Responsible travel bringing people to lodges as oppose to luxury accommodation in Amazon.
Or having designated National Park and charging fees.
Conservation
Managing and protecting the environment on a local scale, in terms of nature and people involved. Example is Tataquara Lodge by the Xingu River in Para, Brazil.
Mass Tourism
Organised tourism (1) of large groups of people (1) going to the same place (1).
