Tourism Flashcards
Beginning of tourism
attraction of visitors to pyramids in 2700 BC, olympics beginnings in 776 BC, phoenicians cruise mediterranean, chinese sacred sites
Original motives for travel
religion or health and well being
Religious motives
traditions of christianity (seeing jesus birthplace) and islam (mecca pilgrimage)
Health and wellbeing motives
improving health and well being for those who could afford (upper class). such as traveling to sea side for saltwater dipping
18th Century development of tourism
europeans visiting romantic and fascinating sites - learning history, architecture and literature. Thomas Cook organised travel
Industrial revolution
industrial economy provided more transport options and pushed people out of cities
Why tourism matters
10% of global GDP, 1/10 jobs, exports
tourism definition
people traveling and staying in places outside their usual environment for no more than 1 year
Tourism dimensions
place, purpose, duration
Tourism system
tourists generating region >
(returning) (transit) (departing)
<Tourist destination region
Tourism environment
physical, social cultural, economic, political, technological
Physical environment
built facilities and structures and natural
Social cultural environment
features in a destination
Economic environment
ability to travel (time and money)
Political and technological environment
provide accessibility and availability to travellers
Tourism system overview
geographic regions, macro-environment, tourists, travel and tourism industry
Components of travel and tourism
transportation, accomodation, attractions, events, amenities/infrastructure, administration, marketing and promotion
Tourist classifications
domestic, inbound and outbound (international)
Dometic tourism
travel within own country of residence.
Nature of domestic tourism
familiar to travellers, low marketing cost, consistent needs, simple itineraries, no cultural barriers, easy market, consistent systems
Inbound tourism
non resident traveling to and within a reference country (destination)
Outbound tourism
resident visitor traveling outside own country
International tourism
inbound + outbound
Nature of international tourism
unfamiliar, higher marketing cost, varied needs, complex itineraries, cultural barriers, varied distribution system and long term investment
Traveller motivations
push and pull
Push motivation
person specific motives: escape, relaxation, novelty, knowledge seeking, socialisation
Pull motivation
destination inherent factors: attractions, activities, climate, culture
Types of tourists
allocentric (venturer, near venturer), mid centric (centric venturer, centric dependible), psychocentric (near dependable, dependable)
Allocentric tourists
take risks, not afraid, love exploring, independant, adventurers
Mid centric tourists
majority of people - love exploring but also love home. combination of pre booked and self organised
Psychocentric tourists
enjoy familiarity, packages, want catering, preference to known brands, regular and repetitive
Tourism marketing
exchange and co creation of value between host and tourist through systems in geographical spaces
Hosts
businesses, policy makers, host communities
Geographical spaces
destinations, transits, regions, tourism generating regions
Destination marketing
promoting individual/collective experiences to visitors consistent with offer - regional or nationwide
DMO
destination marketing organisation
Destination image
sum of perceptions of destination subjective to individual: key marketing metric
Key marketing metrics of destination image
decision to visit, satisfaction, loyalty
Tourism NZ
100% Pure. key part of NZ. 90% visitors satisfied. nature pull motive. high value
High quality visitors
give back more than they take - sustainable and culturally respectful
Nature of tourism
intangible, role of people, variable service, perishable/seasonal, shared experience
Tourist journey
pre trip (dreaming, planning, booking), on trip (experiencing), post trip (sharing)
