Tour of the Cell Flashcards
What are the 3 tenets of cell theory?
- All living organisms are composed of one or more cells
- The cell is the basic unit of structure and organisation in organisms
- All cells arise from pre-existing cells
What are the 3 main types of microscopes?
Light microscope
Scanning electron microscope
Transmission electron microscope
What does each (out of the 3 main types) microscope show? Why is this the case?
Light microscope: A magnified view of the sample (Cannot see subcellular structures)
SEM: A 3D view of the surface of the sample
TEM: A 2D view of the cross-section of the sample
What is cell fractionation? How does it work?
Refer to presentation
What are the differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?
- Nucleus vs nucleoid region
- Presence of membrane-bound organelles
- 70s vs 80s ribosomes
- Presence of plasmids
- Size
- Presence of pili
What is the SA to volume ratio? Why is it important?
Refer to presentation/IB Bio
What organelles are in a eukaryotic cell? What are their functions? What are some special features of some organelles?
Nucleus (chromatin) + Nucleolus (rRNA) Ribosomes (Protein synthesis) Rough (Membrane factory) + Smooth ER (Lipid synthesis) Golgi Apparatus (Modifies proteins) Lysosomes (phagocytosis/autophagy) Vacuole(s) Mitochondria/Chloroplasts (Have DNA) Peroxisomes (Only single membrane)
What are the components of the endomembrane system?
Nuclear membrane ER Golgi Apparatus Lysosomes Vacuoles Plasma membrane
What are the cis and trans sides of the golgi apparatus?
Cis: Faces nucleus to receive
Trans: Faces membrane to send
What are autophagy and phagocytosis? How do they work? How are these terms associated with lysosomes?
Autophagy: Recycling the cell’s macromolecules and organelles
Phagocytosis: Cell engulfing stuff
What are the 3 types of vacuoles?
Food vacuoles
Contractile vacuoles
Central vacuoles
What is the cytoskeleton? What is it made of? How does it help transportation within the cell?
Microtubules
Microfilaments
Intermediate filaments
Motor proteins + vesicles
What are the sizes of each cytoskeleton fibre? What are they made of? What is the main function of each?
Microtubules (tubulin)
Intermediate filaments (keratin)
Microfilaments (actin)
What are centrosomes and centrioles? What are cilia and flagella?
Centrosomes (has a pair of centrioles): Microtubule-organising centre
Centrioles: Involved in cell division
Cilia: Beat in a regular pattern
Flagella: Undulate to move
What is cytoplasmic streaming?
A circular flow of cytoplasm within cells which speeds distribution of materials within. Driven by actin-myosin interactions & sol-gel transformations.
