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Biology 1 > Tour of the Cell > Flashcards

Tour of the Cell Flashcards

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1
Q

Plasma Membrane

A

Membrane enclosing cell

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2
Q

Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

Network of membranous sacs and tubes (cisternae); active in membrane synthesis and other synthetic and metabolic processes; has rough (ribosome-studded) and smooth regions

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3
Q

Function of the endomembrane system?

A

Regulating protein traffic and performing metabolic functions in the cell

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4
Q

What makes up the endomembrane system?

A
  • Nuclear envelope
  • Endoplasmic reticulum
  • Golgi apparatus
  • Lysosomes
  • Various kinds of vesicles and vacuoles
  • Plasma membrane
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5
Q

How are membranes in the endomembrane system related?

A

Either through-

  • Physical continuity
  • By transfer of membrane segments as vesicles
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6
Q

Vesicle

A

Sac made of membrane

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7
Q

Internal Compartment of ER?

A

ER Lumen

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8
Q

Smooth ER? Why called smooth?

A

Lacks ribosomes

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9
Q

Rough ER? Why called rough?

A

Studded with ribosomes on outer surface of the membrane

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10
Q

What does the smooth ER do?

A
  • Synthesize lipids
  • Metabolize carbohydrates
  • Detoxify drugs and poisons
  • Store calcium ions
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11
Q

What does the RER do?

A

Make secretory proteins, acting as a membrane factory (making membrane proteins and phospholipids)

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12
Q

Where do transport vesicles go after the ER?

A

Golgi apparatus

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13
Q

What does the Golgi apparatus do?

A

Modifies, stores, and sends products of ER to other places; warehouse

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14
Q

Cis Face

A

In Golgi stack; receives

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15
Q

Trans Face

A

In Golgi stack; ships/sends

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16
Q

How does the Golgi sort?

A

Add phosphate groups aka ID/Zip Code

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17
Q

How does the Golgi ship?

A

External molecules (aka tour guides) that know the docking sites of surfaces of other organelles or plasma membrane

18
Q

Lysosome

A

Membranous sack of hydrolytic enzymes that hydrolyze (aka digest) macromolecules; aka stomach

19
Q

Where do lysosome enzymes work best?

A

Acidic environment on lysosome

20
Q

What if the lysosome leaked?

A

Not much will happen; pH of cytosol is near neutral

21
Q

What if a lot of lysosomes leaked a lot of enzymes?

A

Cell destroys itself by self-digesting

22
Q

Phagocytosis

A

When cells engulf/eat smaller organisms or food particles; carried out by lysosomes

23
Q

Human Cell Phagocytosis?

A

Macrophages–eat/destroy bacteria and invaders

24
Q

Autophagy

A

Process used by lysosome to recycle cell’s own organic material

25
Q

Why are lysosome super important?

A

Helps cell renew/rejuvenate itself

26
Q

Vacuoles

A

Large vesicles that come from the RER and Golgi; have a variety of functions

27
Q

How does the Endomembrane System flow?

A

ER to Golgi to elsewhere

28
Q

Any structural differences between ribosomes in the RER compared to the ones found in the cytoplasm?

A

Nope

29
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

Network of fibers that organizes structures and activities in the cell

30
Q

What does the cytoskeleton do?

A

Gives mechanical support to cell and maintains its shape; super important for animal cells (no cell walls); anchors organelles

31
Q

What’s required for cell motility?

A

Interaction between cytoskeleton and motor proteins

32
Q

Microtubules

A

Thickest type of fiber that makes up the cytoskeleton

33
Q

Microfilaments

A

Aka actin filaments; thinnest fiber

34
Q

Intermediate Filament

A

Middle range fiber

35
Q

Function of Microtubules?

A
  • Shape and support cell
  • Serve as tracks in which organelles with motor proteins can move
  • Compression resisting
36
Q

Centrosome

A

Located near nucleus; where microtubules grow out of

37
Q

Cilia and Flagella

A

Have microtubules extending that help move the cell

38
Q

Function of Microfilaments?

A
  • Support cell shape
  • Tension bearing
  • Form structural networks
39
Q

Function of Intermediate Filaments?

A
  • Reinforce cell shape
  • Bear tension
  • Fix positions of organelles
40
Q

Function of ECM?

A

Coordinate behavior of cell(s)

Biology 1 (11 decks)

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