Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Question 1

What are catabolic pathways?

Answer 1

Metabolic pathways that release stored energy by breaking down complex molecules

Question 2

What types of compounds have potential energy?

Answer 2

Organic compounds (because of arrangement of electrons between atoms)

Question 3

What can compounds with exergonic reactions do?

Answer 3

They can act as fuels

Question 4

What’s fermentation?

Answer 4

The degradation of sugars or organic fuels that occurs without the use of oxygen; catabolic

Question 5

Aerobic Respiration

Answer 5

Most efficient catabolic pathway; oxygen consumed as a reactant along with organic fuel

Question 6

Anaerobic Respiration

Answer 6

Gives chemical energy (respiration) without oxygen as a reactant (instead with other substances)

Question 7

Sum of Aerobic Respiration

Answer 7

Organic Compound + O2 -> CO2 + H2O + Energy

Question 8

What does a negative delta G mean?

Answer 8

• Stored energy in reactants > Stored energy in products
• Exergonic
• Spontaneous (no energy required)

Question 9

How is catabolism linked to work?

Answer 9

ATP

Question 10

What keeps cells working?

Answer 10

Constant regeneration of supply of ATP from ADP

Question 11

Oxidation

Answer 11

Loss of electrons

Question 12

Reduction

Answer 12

Gain of electrons

Question 13

Reducing Agent

Answer 13

Electron donor

Question 14

Oxidizing Agent

Answer 14

Electron acceptor

Question 15

What makes things really potent oxidizing agents?

Answer 15

High electronegativity

Question 16

The more BLANK an atom, the more energy it takes to take an electron away from it

Answer 16

Electronegative

Question 17

When does an electron lose PE?

Answer 17

When it shifts from a less electronegative atom to a more electronegative atom

Question 18

Redox reactions that move electrons toward the more electronegative atom do what?

Answer 18

They release chemical energy

Question 19

What makes good fuels?

Answer 19

Organic compounds with lots of hydrogen atoms

Question 20

What happens in cellular respiration?

Answer 20

• Hydrogen goes from glucose to oxygen
• Glucose + Oxygen -> Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy
• Electrons go to lower state and release energy for ATP synthesis

Question 21

What keeps electrons from flowing excessively/releasing energy too quickly?

Answer 21

Activation energy barrier

Question 22

NAD+

Answer 22

Coenzyme; electron carrier; useful because it shifts/cycles between oxidized and reduced states

Question 23

Oxidized State of NAD+

Answer 23

NAD+

Question 24

Reduced State of NAD+

Answer 24

NADH

Question 25

How NAD+ works?

Answer 25

Uses dehydrogenases which take two hydrogen atoms from glucose and keeps the electrons and one proton for itself while releasing the proton into the surroundings

Question 26

What does NADH show?

Answer 26

That a hydrogen has been received

Question 27

What can be used to synthesize ATP?

Answer 27

Potential energy of electrons stored in NADH after electrons go from NADH to oxygen