Touch Flashcards
What is the medical term for touch?
Somatic senses
What is proprioception?
recognition of body position
What is nociception?
Pain
What is the technical term for feeling pain?
Nociception
What is the term used for the recognition of body position?
Proprioception
What is the somatosensory system meaning?
Touch
Where would you find sensory receptors?
Epithelia, skeletal muscles, bones, joints, internal organs and the cardiovascular system
What are the three types of receptors?
Thermoreceptors, mechanoreceptors and chemorecpetors
What ado chemoreceptors do?
Change chemical signals into action potential
Where is the primary somatosensory cortex?
The parietal lobe of the cerebral cortex
What are the different types of somatosenses?
Cutaneous, kinesthesia and visceral
How many neurons are involved in somatosensory signals?
at least 3
Where is the primary neuron located?
dorsal root ganglion of the spinal nerve
Where would you find the secondary neuron?
In the spine or brain stem
Where does the secondary neuron terminate?
The ventro-posterior nucleus of the thalamus
Where does the tertiary neuron finish?
The postcentral gyrus of the cerebral cortex
The dorsal column medial lemniscal pathway transmitts what sort of information?
Fine touch, vibration and concious proprioceptive information
What pathway does fine touch, vibration and concious proprioceptive information travel through?
The dorsal column medial lemniscal pathway
The ventral spinothalamic pathway transmits what sort of information?
Pain, temperature, itch and crude touch
What pathway does pain, temperature, itch and crude touch travel through?
The ventral spinothalamic pathway
The dorsal spinocerebellar pathway transmits what sort of information?
Proprioceptive information
The ventral spinocerebellar pathway transmits what sort of information?
Proprioceptive information
What pathway does proprioceptive information travel through?
The dorsal and ventral spinocerebellar tracts
What is the name for a somatosensory map?
Homunculus
What is pain?
An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage
What is nociceptive pain?
Stimulation of peripheral nerve fibers that respond only to stimuli approaching or exceeding harmful intensity
What do we call an unpleasant sesory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage?
Pain
What is caused by the stimulation of peripheral nerve fibers that respond only to stimuli approaching or exceeding harmful intensity?
Nocicptive pain
What causes neuropathic pain?
Damage or disease affecting any part of the nervous system involved in bodily feeling
What does damage or disease affecting any part of the nervous system involved in bodily feeling cause?
Neuropathic pain
What would peripheral neuropathic pain be described as?
Burning, tingling, electrical, stabbing or pins and needles
What could feeling burning, tingling, electrical, stabbing or pins and needles be?
Peripheral neuropathic pain
What is acute pain?
Normal pain
What do we call normal pain?
Acute pain
What is chronic pain?
Pain illness felt day after day
What do we call pain illness that is felt day after day?
Chronic pain
What is phantom pain?
A pain from a limb or organ which a person no longer receives physical signals
What do we call pain from a limb or organ from which a person no longer receives physical signals?
Phantom pain
What causes cutaneous pain?
Injury to the skin or superficial tissues
Injury to the skin or superficial tissues will cause what?
Cutaneous pain
Where does somatic pain originate from?
Ligaments, tendons, bones, blood vessles, fasciae and muscles
Pain from the ligaments, tendons, bones, blood vessels, fasciae and muscles is called what?
Somatic pain
Wher does visceral pain originate?
The body’s viscera or organs
Pain originating from the body’s organs is called what?
Visceral pain
What is a pain scale useful for therapists?
Helps to monitor symptoms and outcomes
What are nociceptors?
Free nerve endings with cell bodys outside of the spinal column in the dorsal root ganglion
How many types of nociceptors are there?
3
What are the different types of nociceptors?
Mechanical, chemical and thermal
What do you call nociceptors that have a response that comes only after the onset of innflammation to the surrounding tissue
Silent or sleeping nociceptors
What are the two types of axons involoved in nociception?
Alpha and C fibre axons
Fast pain travel down whach tract?
Neospinothalamic tract
Slow pain travels down which tract?
Paleospinothalamic tract
How fast do alpha axons transmit signals?
6-30m/s
How fast do C fibre axons transmit signals?
around 2 m/s
How quickly is fast pain felt?
within a tenth of a second
How is fast pain felt?
Sharp, acute prickling pain
How is slow pain felt?
aching, throbbing burning pain
What is a non nociception stimuli often used to gate pain?
Vibration
What is haptic communication?
The means by which people and other animals communicate with touching
Who came up with the five haptic categories and when?
Heslin in 1974
What are the five haptic categories?
Functional/professional, social/polite, friendship/warmth, love/intimacy, sexual/arousal
Who came up with the 18 different meanings of touch and when?
Jones and Yarbrough 1985
Who camee up with the five categories of power bases?
French and raven
Greeting and departure are both what sort of touches?
Ritualistic
Attention getting and compliance are both what sorts of touches?
Control
Instrumental ancillary and reference to appearance are both what sort of touches?
Task-related
What are the 5 categories of power bases?
Legitimate power, referent power, expert power, rewar power and coercive power
What sort of power does someone have if they can persuade and influence others simply by being likeable?
Referent power
What do you call a culture that communicates mainly through words?
Low context culture
What are three middle ground touching countries?
France India and Germany
