Smell Flashcards
What do you call the sence of smell?
Olfaction
What is olfaction?
The detetion of chemicals dissolved in the air
Olfaction is a form of what type of reception?
Chemoreception
Odours are caused by what?
Chemicals dissolved in the air
What is an odour?
Chemicals dissolved in the air that activate the olfactory system
Mammals have about how many genes for odor reception?
1000
Humans have about how many function odour reception genes?
347
Are all odour recption genes functional?
No only portions
What the two theories of olfaction?
Shape and vibration
How does the shape theory of olfaction work?
Each receptor detects a feature of the molecule
How does the vibration theory of olfaction work?
Odour receptors detect the frequencies of vibrations of odour molecules
Where do we find olfactory membranes?
At the top of the nose
Olfactory membranes are made up of what?
Olfactory epithelium
How many hairs of receptor cells would you find on an individual nerve cell?
6 to 8
Olfactory cells connect to nerves in an area known as what?
Olfactory plexus
What happens to air when it is drawn into the nose?
it is warmed and any odiferous molecules dissolve in the mucusof the ling of the nasal cavity
When triggered, nerves from the olfactory plexus send message where?
The main olfactory bulb of the brain
How many layers in the main olfactory bulb?
5
What are the layers of the main olfactory bulb from the surface to the centre?
Glomerular layer, external plexiform layer, mitral cell layer, internal plexiform layer, granule cell layer
What does the olfactory bub do?
Transmits smell information from the nose to the brain
What is the limbic system responsible for?
Memory, emotions, our basic instincts, mechanical functions
How many types of olfaction do we like most mammals and reptiles have?
2
As well as our main olfactory system we also have our?
Accessory olfactory system
The accessory olfactory system is thought to detect what?
Pheremones
Where are pheremones detected?
The accessory olfactory system although the main olfactory system can detect them as well
Where are stimuli detected in the accessory olfactory system?
The vomeronasal organ
Where is the vomeronasal organ?
In the vomer which is between the nose and the mouth
When is a womens strongest sense of olfaction?
Ovulation
What things work together to contribute to flavour?
Olfaction, taste and trigeminal receptors
What is anosmia?
Lack of ability to smell due to a lack of functioning olfaction
What to you call the lack of ability to smell due to the lack if functioning olfaction?
Anosmia
What is hyposmia?
Decreased ability to smell
What do you call the decreased ability to smell?
Hyposmia
What is phantosmia?
Hallucinated smell often unpleasant in nature
What do you call a hallucinated smell that is often unpleasant in nature?
Phantosmia
What is dysosmia?
Things smelling differently than they should?
What do you call it when things smell differently than they should?
Dysosmia
What is hyperosmia?
An abnormally acute sense of smell
What do you call an abnormally acute sense of smell?
Hyperosmia
What is olfactory fatigue?
The temporary normal inability to distinguish a particular odour
What do you call the temporary normal inability to distinguish a particular odour?
Olfactory fatigue
Why is olfactory fatigue important in a spa?
So that clients arent constantly overpowered by the bad smells like seaweed and mud
Is olfactory fatigue permanent?
No
When does the sense of smell return to normal with olfactory fatigue?
After leaving the area of high odour the sensitivty is restored with time
What is aromachology?
The study of the influence of odours on behaviour
What do yo call the study of the influence of odours on behaviour?
Aromachology
How is the olfactory sense different from the other senses?
It relies on mass not energy to trigger action potentials
