Total Gene Numbers and Recently Described RNAs Flashcards
What is the largest chromosome?
Chromsome 1 (also contains most no. of genes)
What is the smallest chromosome?
Y chromosome (also contains fewest no. of genes)
How many genes are in the chromosome 1?
2706 genes
How many genes are in the Y chromosome?
104 genes
How many protein-coding genes are found so far? RNA-coding genes but not polypeptide?
At least 21,598 protein – coding genes; 8,475 genes that code for RNA molecules but do not encode polypeptides.
These RNA genes currently include at least ___ ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and ___ transfer RNA (tRNA) genes.
727; 131
What are types of RNA have been characterized so far?
mRNA, rRNA, tRNA, small cytoplasmic RNA, microRNA, small nuclear RNAs
A number of additional RNA molecules including small cytoplasmic RNA, microRNA, and small nuclear RNAs are generally believed to be involved in the ____.
regulation of gene expression
This class of RNA include RNAs that participate in splicing & a subclass of 1173 small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) genes. These are known to direct the formation and chemical modification of other RNAs such as precursor rRNAs.
snRNA
snRNA direct the chemical modification of other RNAs such as precursor rRNAs through?
methylation and pseudouridylation
____ are processed from the spliced - out introns of other genes rather than being transcribed from separate genes.
small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA)
This class of RNA is usually found in association w/ cytoplasmic proteins in complexes termed small cytoplasmic ribonucleoproteins (scRNPs), of w/c an example is the so - called signal recognition particle.
small cytoplasmic RNAs
Small cytoplasmic RNAs usually found in association w/ cytoplasmic proteins in complexes termed ____?
small cytoplasmic ribonucleoproteins (scRNPs)
Small cytoplasmic RNAs usually found in association w/ cytoplasmic proteins in complexes. An example of this complex is?
Signal recognition particle
This class of RNA are short single - stranded RNA molecules of 21 – 23 nucleotides that regulate the expression of other genes by binding to mRNAs particularly the 3 ′ untranslated region, or 3 ′ UTR, in humans & causing the degradation of the latter or blocking their translation into proteins.
MicroRNAs
