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IWS - Unit 2 - Central & Southern Italy > Toscana > Flashcards

Toscana Flashcards

1
Q

What is Chianti Storica?

A

The historic zone of Chianti

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2
Q

What grapes are used in Carmignano DOCG?

A

Min. 50% Sangiovese and 10-20% Cabernet Sauvignon and/or Cabernet Franc

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3
Q

What does the disciplinare require in terms of fruit yield in the Chianti Classico?

A

One of Italy’s lowest max yields per hectare per vine

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4
Q

What must all Chianti Classico bottles have printed on them?

A

The Gallo Nero symbol

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5
Q

What is the coastal region of Toscana called?

A

Maremma

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6
Q

Who is considered to have resuscitated the wines of Camignano?

A

Count Ugo Contini Bonacossi

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7
Q

What is considered to be Toscana’s most important dry white wine?

A

Vernaccia di San Gimignano DOCG

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8
Q

What is the climate of Chianti Classico?

A

Continental climate with moderate Mediterranean influences

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9
Q

Until the 17th and 18th centuries what grape were the wines of Chianti believed to have been made from?

A

Canaiolo

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10
Q

What are the 3 areas of Maremma?

A

Alta Maremma, Maremma Grossetana and Maremma Laziale

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11
Q

What requirements are there for Chianti Classico (Annata) DOCG?

A

Min 12% abv and released October 1st the year following harvest

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12
Q

What subzone of Chianti DOCG is one of the smallest and mildest due to its proximity to the Tyrrhenian Sea?

A

Colline Pisane

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13
Q

What is the blending requirement for Vino Nobile di Montalcino?

A

Min 70% Sangiovese locally called Prugnolo Gentile

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14
Q

What grapes does Cortona DOC concentrate?

A

Syrah, Sangiovese and Merlot. Syrah in particular accounts for more than half of production.

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15
Q

The Latin word ‘vernaculars’ which means ‘indigenous’ or ‘native’ relates to which Tuscan white grape?

A

Venaccia di San Gimignano

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16
Q

Can Vin Santos be dry?

A

Yes

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17
Q

What is the official historic symbol of the League of Chianti?

A

Gallo Nero (black rooster)

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18
Q

What’s the name of the road from France to Rome?

A

Via Franciagena

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19
Q

What Tuscan red grape is related to Moscato Bianco?

A

Aleatico

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20
Q

What 3 rivers traverse Chianti Classico and what major tributaries do they flow into?

A

Pesa - Arno
Greve - Arno
Arbia - Ombrone River

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21
Q

What blending requirements exist for Chianti Classico now?

A

Min 80% Sangiovese with max 20% of aux grapes. Most commonly Canaiolo and Colorino and Merlot and Cabernet Sauvignon. Most users are 90%+ Sangiovese

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22
Q

What delimited Chianti Classico to the east?

A

Monti del Chianti

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23
Q

What was the first Italian wine to receive DOC status (1966)?

A

Vernaccia di San Gimignano DOC(G)

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24
Q

How large (distance north to south) is the Chianti Classico area?

A

40km

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25
Q

What is the ‘second’ wine of Carmignano?

A

Barco Reale di Carmignano DOC

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26
Q

What subzone of Chianti DOCG overlaps with most of Carmignano DOCG?

A

Montalbano

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27
Q

What grapes are synonymous with Bolgheri DOC?

A

Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot and Cabernet Franc

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28
Q

What is a synonym of Sangiovese in Scansano?

A

Morellino

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29
Q

Does the Chianti Classico region have high or low diurnal variations?

A

High variation in temp

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30
Q

What Toscana appellation is one of the oldest official wine appellations in the world?

A

Chianti

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31
Q

What wine has the longest ageing requirements of any in Italy and what are they?

A

Brunello di Montalcino (min 4 years, 2 in oak and 4m in bottle)

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32
Q

What is Trebbiana Toscana known as in France?

A

Ugni Blanc

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33
Q

What DOC is renowned for Sassicaia?

A

Bolgheri Sassicaia DOC

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34
Q

What is the climate of Montalcino?

A

Mediterranean

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35
Q

What grape is grown around the town of San Gimignano?

A

Vernaccia di San Gimignano

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36
Q

What is the most widely planted grape in Toscana?

A

Sangiovese

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37
Q

What town in Toscana is a UNESCO site with a unique ‘skyline’?

A

San Gimignano

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38
Q

Montecucco DOC and Montecucco Sangiovese DOCG are in what Tuscan region?

A

Southern Tuscan Maremma

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39
Q

What are the storage rooms/lofts that Vin Santo are stored in called?

A

Vinsantaia

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40
Q

What is Toscana’s most widely planted white grape?

A

Trebbiano Toscana

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41
Q

What delimits Chianti Classico to the west?

A

Elsa Valley

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42
Q

Castello

A

Castle

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43
Q

In 1872 what did Baron Bettino Ricasoli write in a famous letter?

A

The formula for Chianti - 70% Sangiovese, 15% Canaiolo Nero and 15% Malvasia

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44
Q

What does the term ‘governo all’uso Toscano’ indicate on a label?

A

A small proportion of grapes are dessicated and used to start a second fermentation - it also starts malolactic fermentation. It adds body

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45
Q

What are the requirements for Chianti Classico Gran Riserva?

A

Min 13% abv and min 30m ageing with 3m in bottle (and subject to lab tests and tasting commission)

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46
Q

Which red grape from Toscana’s name means ‘small cherry’?

A

Ciliegiolo

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47
Q

What local Italian dialect is the Italian language based upon?

A

Florentine

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48
Q

Poggio

A

Knoll

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49
Q

What is a Barco Reale di Carmignano DOC rosato known as?

A

Vin Ruspo

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50
Q

Where does the term ‘ruspo’ derive?

A

Ruspare a word in the local dialect to mean ‘draw off’ - in the days of mezzadria the framers draw off one or two demijohns of fresh must before delivering the balance to the landowner

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51
Q

Who is unanimously considered one of the founders of the Italian wine renaissance behind iconic wines such as Sassicaia and Antinori’s Tiganello and Solaia?

A

Giacomo Tachis

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52
Q

What river separates Montalcino and Montecucco DOC?

A

Orcia River

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53
Q

What was historically considered the principal red grape of Toscana?

A

Canaiolo (canaiolo nero)

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54
Q

What Chianti sub zone overlaps Carmignano?

A

Montalbano

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55
Q

Who first experimented with Sangiovese for making Chianti and where?

A

Baron Bettino Ricasoli, at Castello do Brolio

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56
Q

What style of wine is Morellino di Scansano?

A

Friendly, fruit forward red wine

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57
Q

What is a ‘second’ wine of Brunello do Montalcino?

A

Rosso di Montalcino

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58
Q

What Toscana grape’s name means ‘little coloured one’?

A

Colorino (Colorino del Valdarno)

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59
Q

What is a more youthful and cheaper version of Brunello di Montalcino?

A

Rosso di Montalcino

60
Q

What were the Super Tuscans originally classified as?

A

Vino da Tavola

61
Q

What is the best known appellation on the island of Elba and what style of wine is it?

A

Elba Aleatico Passito DOCG - a sweet red passito

62
Q

What are the 2 main rivers in Toscana?

A

Arno (north) and Ombrone (south)

63
Q

What is the best known wine in Southern Maremma?

A

Morellino di Scansano DOCG

64
Q

What percentage of Toscana’s wine is red?

A

90%

65
Q

From what is the word Sassicaia derived?

A

The word ‘sassi’ (stones) and is used to indicate a stony site

66
Q

What is the most southerly and largest subzone of Chianti DOCG (and one of the most dynamic)?

A

Colli Senesi

67
Q

What grapes are used in Val di Cornia Rosso DOCG and in what Tuscan region is it located?

A

Sangiovese and Cabernet Sauvignon, located in Maremma

68
Q

What white grape provides body and perfume for Vin Santo wines?

A

Malvasia Bianca Lunga

69
Q

What are the barrels that Vin Santo is fermented in called?

A

Caratelli (caratello, singular)

70
Q

Podere

A

Farm

71
Q

A rare pink Vin Santo?

A

Vin Santo Occhio di Pernice (partridge eye)

72
Q

What are the official sub zones of Montalcino?

A

There aren’t any

73
Q

What is the blending requirement for Vin Santo del Chianti Classico DOC?

A

Min 60% Trebbiano and/or Malvasia

74
Q

Which is the most recent subzone of Chianti DOCG (created in 1997)?

A

Montespertoli

75
Q

What red grape variety is considered the main blending partner for Sangiovese based wines?

A

Canaiolo

76
Q

What levels of sweetness can Vin Santo del Chianti Classico DOC be?

A

Dry (secco), medium-dry (abboccato) and medium-sweet (amabile)

77
Q

What change to viticulture in Toscana is Clemente Santi credited with?

A

Moving to monoculture from Coltivazione promiscua

78
Q

What person is synonymous with Bolgheri?

A

Marchese Mario Incisa dell a Rochetta

79
Q

What was Chianti Classico traditionally aged in?

A

Large Slavonian oak Botti

80
Q

What has Chianti Classico more commonly been aged in after the 1980’s?

A

Small French oak barrels

81
Q

In what year did Cosimo III de’Medici announce the ‘Bando’?

A

1716

82
Q

What is the smallest but most prestigious subzone of Chianti DOCG?

A

Rùfina

83
Q

What 3 areas were zoned as special in the 1716 bando?

A

Chianti
Pomino
Carmignano
Val d’Arno di Sopra

84
Q

What is Sangiovese called in Montepulciano?

A

Prugnolo Gentile

85
Q

What were wines called which were made in the manner of Chianti Storico?

A

Vino all’uso di Chianti

86
Q

Who is credited with having planted Cabernet grapes in Carmignano?

A

Caterina de Medici

87
Q

Which subzone of Chianti DOCG has a different blending requirement to the others?

A

Colli Senesi (min 75% Sangiovese). White grapes no longer allowed

88
Q

Where did Marchese Mario Incisa della Rocchetta move from and to?

A

Piemonte to Bolgheri - Tenuta San Guido

89
Q

What group of wines are associated with Chianti Classico?

A

Super Tuscans

90
Q

What is a synonym of Sangiovese in Chianti Classico?

A

Sangioveto

91
Q

What is the best wine DOC in Carmignano called?

A

Vin Santo di Carmignano DOC

92
Q

Vin Santo is made from which two grapes?

A

Trebbiano Toscano and Malvasia Bianca Lunga

93
Q

What sets Carmignano apart from other Tuscan appellations?

A

Traditional use of Cabernet grapes (Sauvignon and Franc)

94
Q

Who is considered the father of Sangiovese-based wines?

A

Giulia Gambelli

95
Q

Which subzone of Chianti DOCG has one of the most long-standing winemaking traditions?

A

Colli Fiorentini

96
Q

Who issued an edict officially delimiting the Chianti zone of production in 1716?

A

Grand Duke of Toscana, Cosmo III de Medici

97
Q

What regions share Maremma?

A

Lazio and Toscana

98
Q

What is Sangiovese a cross between?

A

Ciliegiolo and Calabrese Montenuovo

99
Q

What relationship does Brunello have with Sangiovese?

A

It is a biotype

100
Q

What does Brunello mean?

A

Little dark one

101
Q

Who was Clemente Santi?

A

A pharmaceutical graduate of Pisa Uni in 1850s - started using Brunello grapes

102
Q

What are the blending requirements for Brunello di Montalcino?

A

100% Sangiovese

103
Q

What is the ‘madre’ in relation to Vin Santo?

A

A thick deposit of wine soaked lees and yeast cells left in the bottom of a caratello when racked. Used with the next fermentation

104
Q

What Sangiovese biotype based wine became one of the first to receive DOCG status in 1980?

A

Brunello di Montalcino

105
Q

What is Vin Santo Occhio di Pernice produced from and in what style (in the Vin Santo del Chianti Classico DOC)?

A

Min 80% Sangiovese and only made in sweet (dolce)

106
Q

Which Italy-American brothers founded Castello Banfi?

A

Mariani Brothers

107
Q

What is the only case of an appellation granted for a single estate wine in Italy?

A

Bolgheri Sassicaia DOC

108
Q

What two cities is Chianti Classico situated between?

A

Firenze and Siena

109
Q

What is the signature grape of Cortona DOC?

A

Syrah

110
Q

What is the climate of Chianti Classico?

A

Continental with moderate Mediterranean influences

111
Q

What percentage Sangiovese is required for Morellino do Scansano DOCG?

A

85%

112
Q

Who resuscitated interest in Carmignano?

A

Count Ugo Contini Bonacossi of Tenuta Capezzana

113
Q

Who is credited with reviving the fortunes of Montepulciano?

A

Adamo Fanetti

114
Q

Name the 9 fortified towns and castles in Chianti Classico?

A 
S. Casciano in Val di Pesa 
Greve in Chianti
Radda in Chianti
Gaiole in Chianti 
Castelnuovo Berardenga
Castelli in Chianti 
Poggiobonsi
Barberino Val d’Elsa
Tavernelle Val di Pesa
115
Q

What is ‘Coltura promiscua’?

A

Mixed cropping alongside vines

116
Q

How was Vernaccia di San Gimignano DOCG traditionally fermented?

A

With skin contact

117
Q

Name 2 maritime republics in Central Italy

A

Pisa and Amalfi

118
Q

What are the requirement for Chianti Classico Riserva DOCG?

A

Min 12.5% abv and aged for min 24m with 3 in bottle

119
Q

What subzone of Chianti is thought to rival the quality of Chianti Classico?

A

Rùfina

120
Q

What international variety is the second most planted grape in Toscana?

A

Merlot

121
Q

What wines are said to combine the elegance of Chianti Classico with the structure of Brunello di Montalcino?

A

Vino Nobile di Montepulciano DOCG

122
Q

What was the name of the 1716 edict issued by Grand Duke of Toscana, Cosmo III de’ Medici?

A

Bando

123
Q

Broadly speaking what do the higher altitude sites of Chianti Classico produce in terms of style?

A

Higher - elegant, perfumed, high acidity, firm tannins

Lower - fuller, richer, less subtle aromas and softer tannins

124
Q

What is a synonym of Sangiovese all over Toscana?

A

Sangiovese Grosso

125
Q

What 3 rivers traverse Chianti Classico?

A

Peas, Greve and Arno

126
Q

What is the name of the appellation for sweet wine in Montepulciano?

A

Vin Santo di Montepulciano DOC

127
Q

What are the blending requirements for Chianti DOCG?

A

Min 70% Sangiovese with 30% auxiliary grapes. White grapes cannot exceed 10% of the blend

128
Q

What Brunello estate became one of the most sought after and expensive in Italy?

A

Biondi-Santi Brunello

129
Q

What is a synonym of Sangiovese in Montepulciano?

A

Prugnolo Gentile

130
Q

What is the ‘second’ wine of Montepulciano?

A

Rosso di Montepulciano DOC

131
Q

What are the 3 ascending classifications of Chianti?

A

Chianti Classico (Annata), Chianti Classico Riserva, Chianti Classico Gran Selezione

132
Q

How many sub-zones of Chianti DOCG are there? Name them

A

7 - Rùfina, Colli Fiorentini, Colli Aretini, Colline Pisane, Montalbano, Montespertoli and Colli Senesi

133
Q

Vin Santo Occhio di Pernice is made from which grape?

A

Sangiovese

134
Q

What project started in the 1980s by the Consozio of Chianti Classico was instrumental in developing high quality clones?

A

Chianti Classico 2000

135
Q

What is a synonym of Sangiovese in Montalcino?

A

Brunello

136
Q

Which of the Chianti Hills are higher in elevation? East or West?

A

East is higher

137
Q

A local Tuscan almond biscuit eaten with Vin Santo?

A

Cantucci

138
Q

What is Tuscana’s most easterly DOC?

A

Cortona DOC

139
Q

What are the majority of soils in the Chianti Classico?

A

Galestro, alternating with Albarese and sandstone (known locally as Macigno)

140
Q

What is the minimum ageing requirement for Vin Santo del Chianti Riserva DOC?

A

4 years

141
Q

What DOC covers the whole of the Grosseto province?

A

Maremma DOC

142
Q

What is most common vine training system in Toscana?

A

Archetto (a variation of Guyot), Cordone Speronata and Guyot

143
Q

What grapes are used to make Sassicaia?

A

Cabernet Sauvignon (80%) and Cabernet Franc

144
Q

The most important Tuscan IGT?

A

Toscana IGT

145
Q

What Latin word was the used by the Romans to indicate land inhabited by the Etruscans which eventually became Toscana?

A

Etruria which then became Tuscia

146
Q

Fattoria

A

Farm

IWS - Unit 2 - Central & Southern Italy (12 decks)

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