Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

DPT 731: Pediatrics > Torticollis, Plagiocephaly, and BPI > Flashcards

Torticollis, Plagiocephaly, and BPI Flashcards

1
Q

What does Congenital Muscular Torticollis (CMT) look like?

A

Unilateral shortening of SCM

Infants head is laterally flexed toward the shortened muscle, with the chin rotated toward the opposite side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the causes of CMT?

A
  • Fibrotic tumor
  • Occlusion of BV with resultant anoxic injury to SCM muscle
  • Intrauterine malposition or trauma at birth
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

_____ born children are more susceptible because ________

A

First; the uterus is not stretched to its maximal capacity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

If the baby is over _____ lbs, the risk of injury increases by what %?

A

9.9 lbs; 60%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Prenatal Deformations

A

Normal responses to tissue to abnormal mechanical force
extrinsic (intrauterine constraint)
intrinsic (fetal hypomobility secondary to NS impairment such as myelomeningocele)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is myelomeningocele?

A

Birth defect in which the spinal canal and backbone do not close before birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

______ of the SCM is present in all children with CMT and ranges on a continuum of no palpable mass to a firm palpable mass

A

fibrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

CMT Types

A
  1. SCM Tumor
  2. Muscular Torticollis
  3. Positional Torticollis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

SCM Tumor

A

definitive mass or tumor is palpable within the SCM muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Muscular Torticollis (MT)

A

Contracture of the SCM is present but no palpable mass is present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Positional Torticollis (POST)

A

Contracture of the SCM and a palpable mass are absent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

A TOT collar is recommended for an infant that demonstrates what?

A

At least 4 months

Consistant head tilt of 5 degrees or more for more than 80% of the day who perform all movements with head tilt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Surgical Treatment for torticollis is indicated when…

A
  • infants with CMT that do not respond after months of conservative treatment
  • present with a residual head tilt
  • deficits of passive rotation and lateral flexion of the neck more than 15 degrees
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

True or False? Plagiocephaly always occurs with torticollis…

A

False - can occur without torticollis but can precipitate torticollis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does DOC stand for?

A

Dynamic Orthotic Cranioplasty band

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is a DOC used for?

A

cranial band that applied pressure to the anterior and posterior prominence’s of the cranium but allows growth in the flattened areas

17
Q

What age is a DOC typically recommended for?

A

between 3 & 4 months – below 12 months of age

18
Q

What is a neurotmesis?

A

Complete rupture of spinal nerves

19
Q

What is a Axonomesis?

A

Disruption of the axons but the neural sheath is in tact

20
Q

What is Neurpraxia?

A

temporary loss of motor and sensory function

21
Q

How much do axons grow in 1 day?

A

1 mm

22
Q

When does Brachial Plexus birth palsy occur?

A

Injury that occurs during the process of childbirth

23
Q

What are the risk factors of Brachial Plexus Brith Palsy?

A
  1. Shoulder Dystocia (shoulder gets stuck behind pubic bone after head)
  2. Maternal Diabetes (Large gestational age)
  3. Difficult Deliveries
24
Q

Traction and rotation of the head tends to injure which nerve roots?

A

C5 and C6

25
Q

What nerve roots, when injured, constitute Erb’s Palsy?

A

C5 and C6

26
Q

If C4 is damaged - what can occur?

A

ipsilateral hemiparesis of the diaphragm

27
Q

The most common injury is to the _____ roots of ______. (______)

A

upper roots; C5 & C6 (Erb’s Palsy)

28
Q

Changes that occur usually resulting from Erb’s Palsy

A

Shoulder held in: Extension, IR, and adduction
Elbow extended
Forearm pronated
Wrist and fingers flexed
Grasp is in tact but sensory loss may be present

29
Q

If C7 is involved in BPI, elbow and finger _______ is compromised

A

extension

30
Q

What is Erb-Klumpke Palsy

A

Combinaton of the injury to the upper and lower roots of C5-T1

31
Q

What is the result of Erb-Klumpke Palsy?

A

Total arm paralysis and loss of sensation
Involvement typically unilateral and pattern of motor loss does not always fit classic definitions indicating incomplete or mixed upper/lower types

32
Q

What is Horner’s Syndrome?

A

deficient sweating, recession of eyeball, abnormal pupillary contraction…

33
Q

What is Klumpke’s Palsy?

A

Involves only the lower roots of C7-T1

34
Q

What does Klumpke’s Palsy look like?

A

Shoulder and elbow movements are not impaired but the resting position of the forearm is in supination
paralysis of wrist flexors/extensors and intrinsic hand muscles

35
Q

What is one of the biggest complications of Klumpke’s Palsy?

A

Scoliosis

36
Q

List the Observation/Examination Findings in Erb-Klumpke Palsy

A

UE Neglect
Soft Tissue Contractures
Abnormal Bone Growth

37
Q

List the Orthopaedic Abnormalities associated with Erb-Klumpke Palsy

A

Flattening of humeral head
Shortened Clavicle
Hypoplasia of humeral head
Abnormal glenoid fossa

DPT 731: Pediatrics (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions