Torbirio Horse Acute Renal Failure

Question 1

Prostaglandins promote ______

Answer 1

Renal blood flow

Prostaglandins = vasodilators

Question 2

Renal tubule cells are susceptible to ____ and ____

Answer 2

Hypoxia and ischemia

Question 3

Renal tubular cells are susceptible to ____

Answer 3

Toxins

Question 4

Innervation to the kidney is _____

Answer 4

Autonomic

Question 5

80% of renal blood flow goes to the _____

20% of renal blood flow goes to the ________

Answer 5

Cortex

Medulla

Question 6

Kidneys receive ______% of cardiac output

Answer 6

20-25%

Question 7

Renal pelvis and proximal ureter contain _____ glands

Answer 7

Mucous

Question 8

Banamine is a ______ used in _______ animals

Answer 8

NSAID

Large

Question 9

Horses develop a _____ with endotoxin exposure

Answer 9

Leukopenia

(Endotoxins = from gram negative bacteria)

Question 10

NSAIDS inhibit ____ enzymes

____ enzymes convert arachidonic acid into _______

Decreased prostaglandins = _________ blood flow to kidneys

Answer 10

COX

COX, Prostaglandins

Decreased

Question 11

3 categories for causes for azotemia?

Answer 11

Pre-renal

Renal

Post-renal

Question 12

Pre-renal azotemia is due to:

Answer 12

Decreased renal perfusion

Dehydration!

Pre-renal azotemia = not the kidney’s fault

Question 13

Renal azotemia is due to:

Answer 13

> 75% loss of GFR

Many things cause renal azotemia:

Ischemia, tubular necrosis, toxicity,

(CKD, AKI, PLN)

Question 14

Post - renal azotemia is due to:

Answer 14

Obstruction; inability to excrete urine from the body

Question 15

Is pre-renal azotemia usually mild, moderate, or severe?

Answer 15

Usually mild

Question 16

How can you tell if azotemia is renal or pre-renal?

Answer 16

If creatinine decreases by about 50% after a day of fluid therapy, azotemia was likely pre-renal

Question 17

What 2 pigments are extremely nephrotoxic?

Answer 17

Myoglobin and hemoglobin

Question 18

Blister beetles cause what in horses?

Answer 18

Acute tubular necrosis and acute renal failure

Question 19

If you give fluids to a patient with azotemia and azotemia does not decrease much with fluid therapy, you can say that the azotemia is likely:

Answer 19

Renal

Pre-renal azotemia would have decreased by around 50% with fluid therapy

Question 20

What are 3 common complications of Potomac horse fever?

Answer 20

Diarrhea
Laminitis
Acute Renal Failure

Question 21

List 5 findings in horses with chronic renal failure:

Answer 21

Weight loss

Azotemia

Hypercalcemia = very consistent finding in horses with CKD

Hypophosphatemia

Anemia