Topography of the thorax Flashcards
Describe the ribs
12 pairs of ribs
1-7 are true ribs = directly connected to sternum
8-10 = false
11-12 = floating, not connected to the sternum
Describe the sternum
consists of the manubrium, body and xiphoid (tail)
- clavicle joins at superior of sternum
- jugular notch
- 1 costal cartilage forms joint with manubrium
- 2nd costal cartilage = manubrosternal joint
- 3-7 with sternum
what is the thoracic inlet (superior thoracic aperture) made up of?
T1 = first thoracic vertebra
1st rib
manubrium
what does the thoracic inlet contain?
GREAT VESSELS- - common carotid artery - internal jugular vein - subclavian artery and veins ESOPHAGUS TRACHEA NERVES
Is the inferior or superior thorax bigger?
inferior is bigger
- more expansion can happen here
describe the structure of the diaphragm
central tendon with muscle joining to the costal margin and vertebreae
what is the role of the intercostal muscles?
stiffen chest wall= improve efficiency
describe the directions of the external intercostal and internal intercostal
external = starts inferior and lateral internal = starts anterior HANDS IN POCKETS
what makes up a intercostal neurovascular branches?
vein
artery
intercostal nerve
Describe the intercostal nerves
11 pairs from T1-12
1 subcostal nerve at T12
Can be either motor or sensory
2 branches :
- lateral cutaneous = splits back and front
- anterior cutaneous = splits medial and lateral
Which artery do the internal thoracic arteries branch from?
Subclavian arteries
What makes up the mediastinum?
Heart Great vessels Oesophagus Trachea Thymus Lymph nodes Phrenic and vagus nerves Thoracic duct
Describe the main features of a vertebrae
Spinous process = sticks out at the back
2 Lamina = flat
Transverse processes = 2 lateral protrusions
Vertebrae attached to each other by intervertebral disks
What are intervertebral disks made of?
Annulus fibrous
Nucleus purposes
What is special about the cervical vertebrae?
Have holes for arteries to go through
First is called atlas
Second is called axis
