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Anatomy of the Thorax > The Superior Mediastinum > Flashcards

The Superior Mediastinum Flashcards

1
Q

What makes up the mediastinum?

A 
Trachea
Oesophagus
Heart and pericardium 
Thoracic duct 
Nerves
Great vessel
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2
Q

How is the mediastinum divided?

A

Superior and inferior by T4/5

Inferior divides into: anterior(between sternum and pericardium), middle (pericardium, vessels), posterior (after pericardial sac - vertebrae)

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3
Q

What makes up the superior mediastinum?

A 
They us
Left and right brachiocephalic vein 
Left superior intercostal vein 
Superior vena cava 
Aortic arch ()
Trachea
Oesophagus
Phrenic nerves
Vagus nerves
Left recurrent laryngeal
Thoracic duct
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4
Q

Describe the splitting of the superior vena cava

A

Superior vena cava= right and left brachiocephalic vein
Each splits into internal jugular vein and subclavian vein

Azygous vein also drains into the SVC

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5
Q

What are the 3 arteries in the superior mediastinum?

A

Ascending aorta
Aortic arch
Descending aorta

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6
Q

How does the ascending aorta split?

A

Ascending aorta = right and left coronary artery

RCA = posterior inter ventricular branch + marginal branch
LCA =anterior interventricular branch + circumflex branch

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7
Q

How does the aortic arch split?

A

Brachiocephalic trunk = right common carotid, right subclavian
Left common carotid
Left subcalvian

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8
Q

What does each common carotid split into?

A 
External = supplies skin of head
Internal = supplies brain
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9
Q

What is the pulmonary trunk?

A

Splits into left and right pulmonary artery

Carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs from right ventricle

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10
Q

What are the 4 pulmonary veins?

A

Carry oxygenated blood into the left atrium

Right superior
Left superior
Right inferior
Left inferior

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11
Q

What connects the aorta to the pulmonary trunk?

A

Ligamentum arteriosum

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12
Q

What is the vagus nerve?

A

Parasympathetic innervation to thoracic viscera

Splits into right and left

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13
Q

Where is the right vagus nerve found?

A

Between right brachiocephalic vein and brachiocephalic trunk
Down trachea - oesophagus

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14
Q

What is teh recurrent laryngeal nerve?

A

Part of the vagus nerve that goes round the right subclavian artery

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15
Q

Where is the left vagus nerve found?

A

Between left brachiocephalic vein and left common carotid

Left recurrent laryngeal nerve splits off = enters neck and larynx

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16
Q

Where are the phrenic nerves formed?

A

C3, 4, 5

17
Q

What do the phrenic nerves do?

A

Motor to diaphragm

Sensory to pericardium, mediastinum pleura

18
Q

Where do the right and left phrenic nerves run?

A

Down the right and left brachiocephalic veins and the right and left side of the pericardium

Anatomy of the Thorax (6 decks)

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