Topography of the Small and Large Intestines (AP) Flashcards
Parts of the small intestine in order, and how much of its length they make up
- Duodenum (~5%)
- Jejunum (~40%)
- Ileum (~60%)
Which part of the small intestine is retroperitoneal?
Duodenum
What connects the duodenum and liver?
Hepatoduodenal ligament
4 parts of the duodenum
- Superior
- Descending
- Horizontal
- Ascending
Where does the duodenum start/end?
- S = pylorus
- E = duodenojejunal flexure
Parts of the large intestine in order
- Caecum
- Appendix
- Ascending colon
- Transverse colon
- Descending colon
- Sigmoid colon
- Rectum
- Anal canal
Primary large intestine function
Absorb water + electrolytes
What allows communication between the greater and lesser peritoneal sacs?
Epiploic foramen
What is the Pringle manoeuvre?
- Hepatoduodenal ligament clamped
- Interrupts blood flow through hepatic artery + portal vein
What do plicae circularis do?
Amplify surface area for nutrient absorption
What is the ligament of Treitz?
Thin, triangular, double fold of peritoneum lying posterior to pancreas + anterior to left renal vein
Sphincter of Oddi function
Controlling release of secretions of the pancreas, gallbladder + liver into duodenum
Where do lacteals of the small intestine drain into?
Mesenteric lymph nodes
Where does the foregut start/end?
- S = oesophagus
- E = major duodenal papilla
Where does the midgut start/end?
- S = major duodenal papilla
- E = 2/3 along transverse colon
Where does the hindgut start/end?
- S = 2/3 along transverse colon
- E = pectinate line
Blood supply and innervation of foregut
- BS = coeliac artery
- I = vagus nerve
Blood supply and innervation of midgut
- BS = superior mesenteric artery
- I = vagus nerve + less splanchnic nerves
Blood supply and innervation of hindgut
- BS = inferior mesenteric artery
- I = lumbar splanchnic nerves
Which parts of the colon are retroperitoneal, and are they primary or secondary retroperitoneal?
Ascending + descending colon (secondary)
What does secondary retroperitoneal mean?
Viscera once had a mesentery, but it was lost during development
What are colic flexures?
Where ascending/descending colon bends into transverse
What are paracolic gutters?
Spaces between ascending/descending colon + abdominal wall
What is rebound tenderness?
When the abdominal wall, having been compressed slowly, is released rapidly resulting in a sudden stabbing pain
