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DIG > Topography of the Oral Cavity, Salivary Glands, Oesophagus and Stomach (AP) > Flashcards

Topography of the Oral Cavity, Salivary Glands, Oesophagus and Stomach (AP) Flashcards

1
Q

Components of the alimentary canal

A
  • Oral cavity
  • Pharynx
  • Oesophagus
  • Stomach
  • Duodenum
  • Jejunum
  • Ileum
  • Caecum
  • Ascending colon
  • Transverse colon
  • Descending colon
  • Sigmoid colon
  • Rectum
  • Anal canal
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2
Q

Accessory digestive organs

A
  • Teeth
  • Tongue
  • Salivary glands
  • Liver
  • Gallbladder
  • Pancreas
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3
Q

6 basic food-processing activities of digestion

A
  • Ingestion
  • Propulsion
  • Mechanical digestion
  • Digestion
  • Absorption
  • Defecation
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4
Q

Boundaries of the oral cavity

A
  • Lips (anterior)
  • Cheeks (lateral)
  • Palate (superior)
  • Tongue (inferior)
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5
Q

What is the oral vestibule?

A

Area between lips/cheeks and teeth (where toothbrush is placed to brush front)

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6
Q

What is the oral cavity proper?

A

Region of mouth internal to the teeth

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7
Q

Skeletal muscle of the lips

A

Orbicularis oris

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8
Q

Skeletal muscle of the cheeks

A

Buccinator muscles

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9
Q

3 major salivary glands

A
  • Parotid
  • Sublingual
  • Submandibular
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10
Q

Function of intrinsic muscles of the tongue

A

Change shape of tongue

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11
Q

Function of extrinsic muscles of the tongue

A
  • Primarily movement of tongue
  • Little bit changing shape of tongue
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12
Q

What initiates the swallowing reflex?

A

Bolus touching the soft palate

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13
Q

Which bones contribute to the skeletal framework of the oral cavity?

A
  • Maxilla
  • Mandible
  • Horizontal plate of palatine bone
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14
Q

Types of papillae of the tongue

A
  • Filiform
  • Foliate
  • Fungiform
  • Vallate
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15
Q

What size and shape are filiform papillae?

A
  • Small
  • Cone-shaped with 1+ points
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16
Q

What size and shape are fungiform papillae?

A
  • Large
  • Rounded
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17
Q

Where are fungiform papillae concentrated?

A

Along the margins of the tongue

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18
Q

What size and shape are vallate papillae?

A
  • Largest
  • Blunt-ended cylindrical invaginations
19
Q

How many vallate papillae are there and where are they located?

A
  • 8-12
  • In a V-shape immediately anterior to terminal sulcus
20
Q

What shape are foliate papillae and where are they located?

A
  • Linear folds
  • Side of the tongue near terminal sulcus
21
Q

Which type of papillae are the only without taste buds?

A

Filiform papillae

22
Q

What is the vallecula?

A

Small, mucosa-lined depression located at base of tongue

23
Q

Extrinsic muscles of the tongue

A
  • Palatoglossus
  • Styloglossus
  • Hyoglossus
  • Genioglossus
24
Q

Intrinsic muscles of the tongue

A
  • Superior longitudinal
  • Vertical muscle
  • Transverse muscle
  • Inferior longitudinal
25
Q

What nerve innervates most muscles of the tongue?

A

Hypoglossal nerve (CNXII)

26
Q

Which muscle of the tongue is not innervated by the same nerve as the others, and which nerve innervates it?

A
  • Palatoglossus
  • Vagus nerve (CNX)
27
Q

Which nerve provides general sensation to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue, and where does it originate from?

A
  • Lingual nerve
  • Branch of mandibular division of trigeminal nerve (CNV3)
28
Q

Which nerve provides general sensation to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue, and where does it originate from?

A

Lingual branch of glossopharyngeal nerve (CNIX)

29
Q

Which nerve provides general sensation to the most posterior part of the tongue (near vallecula), and where does it originate from?

A
  • Superior laryngeal nerve
  • Branch of vagus nerve (CNX)
30
Q

Which nerve provides special sensation (taste) to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue, and where does it originate from?

A
  • Chorda tympani
  • Branch of facial nerve (CNVII)
31
Q

Which nerve provides special sensation (taste) to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue, and where does it originate from?

A

Lingual branch of glossopharyngeal nerve (CNIX)

32
Q

Which nerve provides special sensation (taste) to the most posterior part of the tongue (near vallecula), and where does it originate from?

A
  • Superior laryngeal nerve
  • Branch of vagus nerve (CNX)
33
Q

Where is the sublingual gland found in relation to the mylohyoid muscle?

A

Superiorly

34
Q

Where is the submandibular gland found in relation to the mylohyoid muscle?

A
  • Larger superficial part found inferiorly
  • Smaller deep part superiorly
  • Connected by gland looping posteriorly around mylohyoid
35
Q

Where does the parotid gland open in the oral cavity and via which duct?

A
  • Opens adjacent to crown of second upper molar
  • Via Stensen’s duct
36
Q

Where does the submandibular gland open in the oral cavity and via which duct?

A
  • Opens on summit of sublingual papilla beside the base of the frenulum of the tongue
  • Via Wharton’s duct
37
Q

Where does the sublingual gland open in the oral cavity?

A
  • Opens into numerous sublingual ducts
  • These are located on the sublingual fold (runs from posterolateral to the sublingual papilla)
38
Q

Which salivary glands are palpable?

A
  • Parotid
  • Submandibular
39
Q

Type of muscle found in each third of the oesophagus

A
  • Proximal third = skeletal
  • Middle third = skeletal + smooth
  • Distal third = smooth
40
Q

Which nerves provide sympathetic innervation of the oesophagus?

A
  • T1-10
  • Via thoracic and cervical sympathetic ganglia
41
Q

Which nerve provides parasympathetic innervation of the oesophagus?

A

Vagus nerve (CNX)

42
Q

4 main constrictions of the oesophagus

A
  • At the start where laryngopharynx joins oesophagus behind cricoid cartilage
  • Where aortic arch passes anteriorly
  • Where oesophagus is compressed by left bronchus
  • At oesophageal hiatus
43
Q

Arterial supply of stomach

A
  • Coeliac artery branches of abdominal aorta
  • 3 branches of coeliac artery
    > Left gastric artery
    > Splenic artery
    > Common hepatic artery
  • Left gastric runs along upper lesser curvature
  • Common hepatic splits into 2 branches
    > Gastroduodenal artery
    > Hepatic artery proper
  • Right gastric artery branches off hepatic artery proper + runs along lower lesser curvature + anastomoses with left gastric
  • Gastroduodenal artery passes posteriorly to duodenum + splits into 2 branches
    > Right gastro-omental artery
    > Superior pancreaticoduodenal artery
  • Right gastro-omental artery runs along lower greater curvature
  • Left gastro-omental artery branches from splenic artery + runs along upper greater curvature + anastomoses with right gastro-omental
  • Short gastric arteries branch from splenic + supply fundus of stomach
44
Q

Venous drainage of the stomach

A
  • Left gastric vein runs along upper lesser curvature + drains into portal vein
  • Right gastric vein runs along lower lesser curvature + drains into portal vein
  • Pre-pyloric vein of Mayo ascend in front of pylorus + drains into right gastric vein
  • Short gastric veins drain fundus into splenic vein
  • Left gastro-omental vein runs along upper greater curvature + drains into splenic vein
  • Right gastro-omental runs along lower greater curvature + drains into superior mesenteric vein
  • Portal vein mainly supplied by splenic + superior mesenteric veins

DIG (19 decks)

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