Topography of the Oral Cavity, Salivary Glands, Oesophagus and Stomach (AP)

Question 1

Components of the alimentary canal

Answer 1

• Oral cavity
• Pharynx
• Oesophagus
• Stomach
• Duodenum
• Jejunum
• Ileum
• Caecum
• Ascending colon
• Transverse colon
• Descending colon
• Sigmoid colon
• Rectum
• Anal canal

Question 2

Accessory digestive organs

Answer 2

• Teeth
• Tongue
• Salivary glands
• Liver
• Gallbladder
• Pancreas

Question 3

6 basic food-processing activities of digestion

Answer 3

• Ingestion
• Propulsion
• Mechanical digestion
• Digestion
• Absorption
• Defecation

Question 4

Boundaries of the oral cavity

Answer 4

• Lips (anterior)
• Cheeks (lateral)
• Palate (superior)
• Tongue (inferior)

Question 5

What is the oral vestibule?

Answer 5

Area between lips/cheeks and teeth (where toothbrush is placed to brush front)

Question 6

What is the oral cavity proper?

Answer 6

Region of mouth internal to the teeth

Question 7

Skeletal muscle of the lips

Answer 7

Orbicularis oris

Question 8

Skeletal muscle of the cheeks

Answer 8

Buccinator muscles

Question 9

3 major salivary glands

Answer 9

• Parotid
• Sublingual
• Submandibular

Question 10

Function of intrinsic muscles of the tongue

Answer 10

Change shape of tongue

Question 11

Function of extrinsic muscles of the tongue

Answer 11

• Primarily movement of tongue
• Little bit changing shape of tongue

Question 12

What initiates the swallowing reflex?

Answer 12

Bolus touching the soft palate

Question 13

Which bones contribute to the skeletal framework of the oral cavity?

Answer 13

• Maxilla
• Mandible
• Horizontal plate of palatine bone

Question 14

Types of papillae of the tongue

Answer 14

• Filiform
• Foliate
• Fungiform
• Vallate

Question 15

What size and shape are filiform papillae?

Answer 15

• Small
• Cone-shaped with 1+ points

Question 16

What size and shape are fungiform papillae?

Answer 16

• Large
• Rounded

Question 17

Where are fungiform papillae concentrated?

Answer 17

Along the margins of the tongue

Question 18

What size and shape are vallate papillae?

Answer 18

• Largest
• Blunt-ended cylindrical invaginations

Question 19

How many vallate papillae are there and where are they located?

Answer 19

• 8-12
• In a V-shape immediately anterior to terminal sulcus

Question 20

What shape are foliate papillae and where are they located?

Answer 20

• Linear folds
• Side of the tongue near terminal sulcus

Question 21

Which type of papillae are the only without taste buds?

Answer 21

Filiform papillae

Question 22

What is the vallecula?

Answer 22

Small, mucosa-lined depression located at base of tongue

Question 23

Extrinsic muscles of the tongue

Answer 23

• Palatoglossus
• Styloglossus
• Hyoglossus
• Genioglossus

Question 24

Intrinsic muscles of the tongue

Answer 24

• Superior longitudinal
• Vertical muscle
• Transverse muscle
• Inferior longitudinal

Question 25

What nerve innervates most muscles of the tongue?

Answer 25

Hypoglossal nerve (CNXII)

Question 26

Which muscle of the tongue is not innervated by the same nerve as the others, and which nerve innervates it?

Answer 26

- Palatoglossus - Vagus nerve (CNX)

Question 27

Which nerve provides general sensation to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue, and where does it originate from?

Answer 27

- Lingual nerve - Branch of mandibular division of trigeminal nerve (CNV3)

Question 28

Which nerve provides general sensation to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue, and where does it originate from?

Answer 28

Lingual branch of glossopharyngeal nerve (CNIX)

Question 29

Which nerve provides general sensation to the most posterior part of the tongue (near vallecula), and where does it originate from?

Answer 29

- Superior laryngeal nerve - Branch of vagus nerve (CNX)

Question 30

Which nerve provides special sensation (taste) to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue, and where does it originate from?

Answer 30

- Chorda tympani - Branch of facial nerve (CNVII)

Question 31

Which nerve provides special sensation (taste) to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue, and where does it originate from?

Answer 31

Lingual branch of glossopharyngeal nerve (CNIX)

Question 32

Which nerve provides special sensation (taste) to the most posterior part of the tongue (near vallecula), and where does it originate from?

Answer 32

- Superior laryngeal nerve - Branch of vagus nerve (CNX)

Question 33

Where is the sublingual gland found in relation to the mylohyoid muscle?

Answer 33

Superiorly

Question 34

Where is the submandibular gland found in relation to the mylohyoid muscle?

Answer 34

- Larger superficial part found inferiorly - Smaller deep part superiorly - Connected by gland looping posteriorly around mylohyoid

Question 35

Where does the parotid gland open in the oral cavity and via which duct?

Answer 35

- Opens adjacent to crown of second upper molar - Via Stensen's duct

Question 36

Where does the submandibular gland open in the oral cavity and via which duct?

Answer 36

- Opens on summit of sublingual papilla beside the base of the frenulum of the tongue - Via Wharton's duct

Question 37

Where does the sublingual gland open in the oral cavity?

Answer 37

- Opens into numerous sublingual ducts - These are located on the sublingual fold (runs from posterolateral to the sublingual papilla)

Question 38

Which salivary glands are palpable?

Answer 38

- Parotid - Submandibular

Question 39

Type of muscle found in each third of the oesophagus

Answer 39

- Proximal third = skeletal - Middle third = skeletal + smooth - Distal third = smooth

Question 40

Which nerves provide sympathetic innervation of the oesophagus?

Answer 40

- T1-10 - Via thoracic and cervical sympathetic ganglia

Question 41

Which nerve provides parasympathetic innervation of the oesophagus?

Answer 41

Vagus nerve (CNX)

Question 42

4 main constrictions of the oesophagus

Answer 42

- At the start where laryngopharynx joins oesophagus behind cricoid cartilage - Where aortic arch passes anteriorly - Where oesophagus is compressed by left bronchus - At oesophageal hiatus

Question 43

Arterial supply of stomach

Answer 43

- Coeliac artery branches of abdominal aorta - 3 branches of coeliac artery > Left gastric artery > Splenic artery > Common hepatic artery - Left gastric runs along upper lesser curvature - Common hepatic splits into 2 branches > Gastroduodenal artery > Hepatic artery proper - Right gastric artery branches off hepatic artery proper + runs along lower lesser curvature + anastomoses with left gastric - Gastroduodenal artery passes posteriorly to duodenum + splits into 2 branches > Right gastro-omental artery > Superior pancreaticoduodenal artery - Right gastro-omental artery runs along lower greater curvature - Left gastro-omental artery branches from splenic artery + runs along upper greater curvature + anastomoses with right gastro-omental - Short gastric arteries branch from splenic + supply fundus of stomach

Question 44

Venous drainage of the stomach

Answer 44

- Left gastric vein runs along upper lesser curvature + drains into portal vein - Right gastric vein runs along lower lesser curvature + drains into portal vein - Pre-pyloric vein of Mayo ascend in front of pylorus + drains into right gastric vein - Short gastric veins drain fundus into splenic vein - Left gastro-omental vein runs along upper greater curvature + drains into splenic vein - Right gastro-omental runs along lower greater curvature + drains into superior mesenteric vein - Portal vein mainly supplied by splenic + superior mesenteric veins