Intestinal Inflammation Flashcards
What is the most common symptom of acute intestinal inflammation?
Diarrhoea
Primary and other causes of gastroenteritis
- Primary:
> Viruses
> Bacteria
> Parasites - Other:
> Stress
> Intolerance
> Drugs
Bacteria causing gastroenteritis
- E.coli (Escherichia coli)
- C.diff (Clostridium difficile)
- Salmonella
How does E.coli enter the body?
Contaminated food
How does E.coli cause symptoms?
- Adheres to epithelia
- Toxin production
When do cases of C.diff occur?
After taking antibiotics
How does salmonella enter the body?
Undercooked food
How long is the bacterial incubation period?
Hours - days
What type of infection is bloody diarrhoea commonly associated with?
Bacterial
What do enterotoxins produced by bacteria do?
- Increase intracellular cGMP –> inhibition of intestinal fluid uptake
- Increase intracellular cAMP –> hypersecretion of water + electrolytes
What type of virus is rotavirus?
RNA virus
How does rotavirus cause symptoms?
- Mucosal damage
- Malabsorption
- Enterotoxin secretion
- Reduces glucose co-transport of electrolytes
What type of virus is noravirus?
RNA virus
How does noravirus cause symptoms?
- Villus blunting
- Malabsorption
- Replication in enterocyte
How long is the viral incubation period?
1 day
What type of microorganism is giardia?
Parasite
What group of people is giardia commonly associated with?
International travellers
How does giardia enter the body?
Faecal oral route (hygiene + sanitation)
What does giardia do?
Increases GIT motility
What does giardia do?
Increases GIT motility
Parasitic incubation period length
7-10 days
Key symptoms indicating infection
- Fever
- Blood in stool (bacteria)
- Nausea/diarrhoea/vomiting
- Abdominal pain
What is coeliac disease?
Response to gluten with an inappropriate immune response causing small intestine inflammation + damage
Treatment of coeliac disease
Exclude gluten from the diet
