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neurology > topography of the brain > Flashcards

topography of the brain Flashcards

1
Q

what cranial nerves originate in the brainstem?

A

all except 1 and 2

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2
Q

what are the functions of the brainstem?

A

pathway for fibre tracts running between higher and lower centres
brainstem centres produce the rigidly programmed automatic behaviours essential for survival

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3
Q

what cranial nerves come off the medulla?

A

9,10,11,12

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4
Q

what connects the medulla to the cerebellum?

A

inferior cerebellar peduncle

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5
Q

how many cerebellar peduncles are there?

A

3

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6
Q

what foramen does the medulla pass through to continue as the spinal cord?

A

foramen magnum

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7
Q

where is the IV ventricle in relation to the pons?

A

posterior

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8
Q

what cranial nerves originate from the pons?

A

V, VI, VII, VIII

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9
Q

what are some surface features of the pons.

A

middle cerebellar peduncle

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10
Q

what does the midbrain develop from?

A

mesencephalon

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11
Q

what is the central cavity of the midbrain?

A

cerebral aqueduct

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12
Q

what are some surface features of the midbrain?

A

cerebral peduncle
superior cerebellar peduncle
corpora quadrigemina (superior and inferior colliculus)
origin of CN nerve 3 and 4

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13
Q

what surrounds grey matter?

A

white matter with embedded nuclei

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14
Q

what separates the hemispheres of the brain?

A

vermis

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15
Q

what lobes are present in each hemisphere?

A

anterior
posterior
flocculonodular

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16
Q

what connects the cerebellum to the brainstem?

A

cerebellar peduncles

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17
Q

what is a sulci?

A

groove or furrow, especially one on the surface of the brain

18
Q

what is a folium?

A

a wrinkle (gyrus) on the surface of the cerebellum

19
Q

what are the functions of the cerebellum?

A

posture maintenance

fine tuning motor activity

20
Q

what are three tests that can be used to try and help diagnose ataxia?

A

finger-nose test
knee - heel test
walking in a straight line

21
Q

where is the diencephalon located?

A

deep within the cerebral hemispheres around the third ventricle xd

22
Q

what does the diencephalon develop from?

A

diencephalic vesicle

23
Q

what are the paired structures of the diencephalon?

A

thalamus
hypothalamus
epithalamus (pineal gland)

24
Q

what is the hypothalamus essential for?

A

homeostasis

25
Q

what are the roles of the hypothalmus?

A 
autonomic control centre
body temp regulation
regulation of food intake
regulation of water balance and thirst
regulation of sleep wake cycle
control of endocrine system functioning
26
Q

what blood vessels supply the brain?

A

internal carotid arteries

vertebral arteries

27
Q

what foramen do the internal carotid arteries enter the skull via?

A

foramen lacerum (carotid canal)

28
Q

what foramen do the vertebral arteries pass through to get to the brain?

A

foramen magnum

29
Q

what are the branches of the internal carotid artery?

A

anterior cerebral
middle cerebral
posterior communicating

30
Q

what artery is formed by the joining of the vertebral arteries?

A

basilar artery

31
Q

where is the basilar artery located?

A

ventral surface of the brainstem

32
Q

where does the basilar artery end?

A

ends at the midbrain by dividing into the two posterior cerebral arteries

33
Q

what do the posterior cerebral arteries supply?

A

posterior part of the cerebral hemisphere

34
Q

what is the circle of willis?

A

branches of the ICA join with those of the opposite side and with the PCA to form a continuous circle at the base of the brain

35
Q

what is the purpose of the circle of willis?

A

protective feature against vasoocclusion of large arteries

36
Q

what does the anterior cerebral artery supply?

A

medial aspect of cerebral hemispheres excluding occipital lobe

37
Q

what does the middle cerebral artery supply?

A

lateral aspect of cerebral hemispheres

38
Q

what does the posterior cerebral artery supply/

A

inferior aspect of cerebral hemispheres and occipital lobe

39
Q

where are the venous sinuses of the brain located?

A

between 2 layers of the dura mater

40
Q

where do the dural venous sinuses drain to?

A

internal jugular veins

41
Q

what is the function of the cerebellum?

A

co ordinates movements

neurology (29 decks)

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