Topography of cerebral hemispheres

Question 1

What does the frontal lobe contain and their functions

Answer 1

• Contains several cortical areas–> involved in control of voluntary muscle movt.
• precentral gyrus= primary motor area
• premotor area or supplemental motor area (responsible for programing for motor movements except speech)
• broca’s area
• most anterior part of lobe = complex cogntive processes like reasoning and judgement, decision making

Question 2

What does parietal lobe contain and their functions

Answer 2

postcentral gyrus= primary sensory area (BA3,1,2)–> receives sensory feedback from body
sensory association areas (BA 5,7)–> capable of more detailed discrimination and analysis

Question 3

what does the temporal lobe contain and their functions

Answer 3

• associated with auditory processing and olfaction
• wernicke’s area–> BA 22
• Heschl’s gyrus–> anterior transverse temporal gyrus= primary auditory area
• 2 secondary auditory/auditory association areas–> important contributions to comprehension of speech

Question 4

What does occipital lobe contain and their functions

Answer 4

Primary visual area (BA 17)–> recieves input from the optic tract via thalamus
Secondary visual area (BA 18,19)–> integrate visual information, giving meaning to what is seen
Visual agnosia

Question 5

Where is the angular gyrus in the broadman’s area

Answer 5

BA 39

lies near the superior edge of temporal lobe

Question 6

What is the function of angular gyrus

Answer 6

involved in the recognition of visual symbols
-fibres of many different types travel through the angular gyrus, including axons associated with hearing, vision and meaning

Question 7

What is the arcuate fasciculus

Answer 7

group of fibres connecting broca’s area to wernicke’s area in temporal lobe
conencts to angular gyrus

Question 8

what does damage to the angular gyrus in the dominant hemisphere result in

Answer 8

Anomia (pt unable to recall names of everyday items), alexia with agraphia, left-right disorientation, finger agnosia (inability to interpret sensations) and acalcula

Question 9

Where is the broca’s area

Answer 9

BA 44,45

Found in the hemisphere that is dominant for language

Question 10

What is the broca’s area responsible for

Answer 10

• involved in coordination or programming of motor movements for the production of speech sounds
• essential for the execution of motor movements involved in speech, does not directly cause speech
• neurons in Broca’s area generate motor programming patterns when they fire

Question 11

What is the result of damage to broca’s area

Answer 11

Apraxia–> inability to translate conscious speech plans into motor plans
Broca’s Aphasia

Question 12

What is broca’s aphasia

Answer 12

• expressive aphasia
• have trouble speaking fluently but their comprehension is relatively preserved
• Can understand someone talking, but can’t speak properly

Question 13

Where is the Wernicke’s area located

Answer 13

BA 22

Found in hemisphere dominant for language

Question 14

What is the funciton of Wernicke’s area

Answer 14

Critical role in the ability to understand and produce meaningful speech

Question 15

What is Wernicke’s aphasia

Answer 15

• receptive aphasia
• type of fluent aphasia
• pts have difficulty comprehending written and spoken language
• poor auditory processing, fluent speech

Question 16

What is the frontal eye field

Answer 16

Area of cerebral cortex that conrals eye movements

BA 6

Question 17

What is the frontal eye fields involved in

Answer 17

-prominently involved in voluntary conjugate saccades to contralateral side and in pursuit movements

Question 18

what is saccadic eye movement

Answer 18

rapid ballitic movements of the eye that abruptly change the point of fixation