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Neuroanatomy > Cerebellum > Flashcards

Cerebellum Flashcards

1
Q

Where does the cerebellum develop from

A

From rhombic lips of metencephalon

Cerebellum=’little brain’

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2
Q

Where is the cerebellum located

A

In posterior cranial fossa between temporal and occipital lobes and brainstem

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3
Q

What separates the cerebellum from cerebrum

A

Dural fold–> tentorium cerebelli

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4
Q

What is the role of the cerebellum

A
  • Modulates and coordinates skilled voluntary movements and speech by comparing actual motor output to intended motor output and then adjusting the movement as necessary
  • regulates movement in response to sensory feedback
  • maintenance of posture and balance
  • coordination of voluntary motor activity
  • maintenance of muscle tone
  • ‘feed forward’ mechanism–>motor learning pattern, something that you’ve already learnt to do, and it feeds that forward so that can apply that to movt. as you do it
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5
Q

What is the cerebellum though to play a role in

A
  • Participation in learning patterns
  • sensory functions
  • cognitive functions
  • may be involved in other types of learning and emotional reactivity
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6
Q

What sort of influence does the cerebellum have on body

A

ipsilateral influence

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7
Q

How many cerebellar hemispheres are there

A

2

continuous with the vermis

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8
Q

What are the deep transverse fissures in cerebellum

A
  • Primary fissure (deepest)

- Dorsolateral fissure

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9
Q

What does the primary frissure separate

A

anterior and posterior lobes

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10
Q

what does the dorsolateral fissure separate

A

flocculonodular lobe from remainder of cerebellum

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11
Q

What are the 3 anatomical lobes of cerebellum

A

Anterior
Posterior
Flocculonodular

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12
Q

What separates the cerebellum hemispheres

A

Superior vermis

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13
Q

What is the cerebellum cortex made up of

A

Folia

grey atter

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14
Q

Where and how many pairs of central nuclei are there

A

4 pairs of central nuclei

in Medullary centre

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15
Q

How many peduncles are there are where are they located

A

3 pairs of peduncles

brainstem to cerebellum

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16
Q

What are the 3 cortical layers in cerebellum

A

Molecular cell Layer (most superficial) contains stellate and basket cells

  • Purkinje Cell layer –> principle cells of cerebellar cortex
  • Granular cell layer–> (deepest, closed to white matter) contains granule and golgi cells
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17
Q

How many different neuronal types are found in the 3 cortical layers

A

5

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18
Q

What are the 3 pairs of pudencles

A

Inferior cerebellar pudencle
Middle cerebellar peduncle
Superior Cerebellar pudencle

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19
Q

Where does the inferior cerebellar pudencle go to

A

medulla to cerebellum

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20
Q

Where does the middle cerebellar pudencle go to

A

pons to cerebellum

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21
Q

Where does the superior cerebellar pudencle go to

A

midbrain to cerebellum

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22
Q

What tracts does the inferior cerebellar peduncle carry, and from where

A
  • DSCT and CCT–> from ipsilateral side
  • OCT fibres from contralateral inferior olivary nucleus
  • VCT from vestibular ganglion and vestibular nuclei
  • All afferent inputs
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23
Q

What information does th DSCT carry

A

-DSCT= unconscious proprioception from C8-L3

24
Q

What information does the CCT (cuneocerebellar tract) carry

A

unconscious proprioception from C7 and above

25
Q

What information does the vestibulocerebellar tract (VCT) carry

A

Info regarding equilibrium from the vestibular apparatus and nuclei

26
Q

What tract does the middle cerebellar peduncle carry and from where

A

PCT–> Pontocerebellar tract from contralateral pontine nuclei

27
Q

What info does the PCT carry

A

info about brain telling you motor and sensory wise whats going on

28
Q

What role does the superior cerebellar peduncle play for the cerebellum

A

Primary efferent (output) ‘highway’ for the cerebellum

29
Q

What fibres does the superior cerebellar peduncle carry

A

fibres that have synapsed with deep cerebellar nuclei and are on their way ‘out’ of cerebellum
-Efferent fibres continue rostrally to synapse with contralateral red nucleus or thalamus

30
Q

where do afferent cerebellar inputs come from

A
  • cerebral cortex
  • brainstem nuclei
  • spinal cord
  • multiple sensory modalities from: vestibular, visual, auditory and somatosensory system
31
Q

What are cerebellar inputs carried by

A

Mossy fibres
EXCEPT input from the inferior olivary nucleus (OCT)
Fibres from inferior olivary nucleus are carried by climbing fibres (OCT)

32
Q

What are mossy fibres

A

terminate in synaptic contact with granule cells of the innermost layer

33
Q

What are climbing fibres

A

enter molecular layer, wind around dendrites of purkinje cells

34
Q

What is the importance of the purkinje cells

A
  • The only axons that leave the cortex are purkinje cells that terminate in the central nuclei of cerebellum
  • All output from cerebellar cortex is carried by purkinje cells
35
Q

What are the 4 pairs central nuclei in the medullary central

A

Dentate nucleus
Globose Nucleus
Emboliform nucleus
Fastigial nucleus

36
Q

What makes up the interpose nucleus

A

Globose and emboliform nucleus

37
Q

What are the functional zones of cerebellum

A
  • Vermis and flocculonodular lobe
  • Intermediate zone
  • Lateral zone
38
Q

What is the vermis and flocculonodular lobe (vestibulocerebellum) responsible for

A

Proximal limb and trunk coordination, balance and vestibulo-ocular reflexes

39
Q

Where does the vermis and flocculonodular lobe (vestibulocerebellum) receive fibres from

A

Olivocerebellar tract

  • cuneocerebellar tract
  • dorsal spinocerebellar tract
  • vestibulocerebellar tract
40
Q

Where does the vermis and flocculonodular lobe (vestibulocerebellum) project to

A

Fastigial nucleus

41
Q

What does the vermis and flocculonodular lobe (vestibulocerebellum) influence

A
  • Ventral corticospinal tract (affects tone)
  • reticulospinal tract
  • vestibulospinal tract
  • tectospinal tract (coordinating eye movt)
  • medial longitudinal fasciculus
42
Q

What is the intermediate zone/spinocerebellum responsible for

A

distal limb coordination

43
Q

where does the intermediate zone/spinocerebellum receive fibres from

A
  • Olivocerebellar tract (OCT)
  • cuneocerebellar tract (CCT)
  • DSCT
  • Pontocerebellar tract (PCT)
44
Q

where does the intermediate zone/spinocerebellum project to

A

interposed nucleus

45
Q

what does the intermediate zone/spinocerebellum influence

A
  • lateral corticospinal tract–> more about mvt.

- rubrospinal tract–> tone

46
Q

where is the intermediate zone/spinocerebellum located

A

lateral to vermis

47
Q

What is the lateral zone/cerebrocerebellum responsible for

A

motor planning for extremities

48
Q

where does the lateral zone/cerebrocerebellum receive fibres from

A 
Olivocrebellar tract (OCT)
pontocerebellar tract (PCT)
49
Q

where does the lateral zone/cerebrocerebellum project to

A

dentate nucleus

50
Q

what does the lateral zone/cerebrocerebellum influence

A

lateral corticospinal tract

51
Q

What is the blood supply to the superior surface of cerebellum

A

SCA- superior cerebellar artery

52
Q

what is the blood supply to the inferior and anterior surfaces of cerebellum

A

AICA- anterior inferior cerebellar artery

PICA- posterior inferior cerebellar artery

53
Q

What side of the blody does lesion to cerebellum cause

A

ipsilateral S&S

54
Q

what is the impairment associated with a cerebellar lesion

A

Ataxia

55
Q

What is ataxia

A

neurological sign consisting of lack of voluntary coordination of muscle movements

56
Q

What is dystaxia

A

a milder version of ataxia

Neuroanatomy (18 decks)

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