Topography Flashcards
Frontal lobe function.
Speech , consciousness
Parietal lobe function
temperature, pain, proprioception and language
Pre central gyrus function
motor cortex
where is the Sensory cortex ?
Post central cortex
Temporal lobe function
long term memory ,smell, hearing
where is the Visual cortex ?
Occipital lobe
Where is movement and coordination cortex ?
Cerebellum
3 parts of the brainstem and its primary function?
Pons, medulla and midbrain .
Basic vital functions e.g. breathing , swallowing
Where are upper limb nerves found in the spinal cord ?
Cervical region
Where are lower limb nerves found in the spinal cord ?
Lumbosacral region
What is Grey matter and what is its function ?
Cell bodies and dendrites with a rich blood supply in the CNS.
Computation
What is the Grey matter of PNS?
Ganglia
What is white matter and what is its function ?
Myelinated/ non-myelinated sheaths with no cell bodies.
What is the white matter of PNS?
a nerve or root
Spinal cord features:
31 Segments - dermatome and myotome on each side
Outer white , inner grey
Ventral = motor , Dorsal = sensory.
Spinal roots = mixed
what is a Funiculus
A part of white matter containing multiples tracts that allows impulses to travel in all direction
what is a tract ?
white matter pathway connecting 2 regions of grey matter. impulses in only 1 direction
What is a fasciculus ?
Subdivision of a tract supplying a distinct region of the body
in what way do Grey matter structures in the spinal cord supply muscles ?
multiple roots from each spinal level can supply each muscles via motor neurones as long as they are adjacent to each other. e.g. L1/2/3 supply iliopsoas
What is a Nucleus in the the CNS?
a collection of cell bodies
What is the arrangement of matter in the Brain?
Outer cortex = grey
Inner = white
the most inner = grey again
What is a fibre and what are the 3 types of fibres?
an axon with its supporting cells
Association = Connect within a hemisphere
Commissural = connects between hemispheres
Projection = Cerebral hemispheres with the brainstem
What are the cerebral peduncles ?
in the midbrain = white matter containing corticospinal fibres from ipsilateral hemisphere
What is the substania nigra ?
in the midbrain = grey matter = dopaminergic neurones
to the corpus striatum
What is the oculomotor nucleus
grey matte in midbrain, LMN bodies that project to oculomotor nerve
What is edinger-westphal nucleus ?
parasympathetic neurones to ciliary ganglion = pupillary constriction
What is the cerebral aqueduct ?
a duct that drains CSF from 3rd ventricles to 4th under the cerebellum
Key functions of the midbrain
eye movement , reflex responses to visual and auditory stimuli
Key functions of pons?
Feeding and sleep (Reticular formation)
What ventricle is close to pons
Fourth ventricle
What runs close to pons?
basilar artery
What tract runs in the pons ventrally?
Corticospinal tract
what nerves runs laterally out the pons?
trigeminal
What can compress the Pons?
the fourth ventricle lies anteriorly
What is within the pyramids of the medulla ?
White matter containing corticospinal fibres coming from ipsilateral hemisphere , desscuating caudally
What nuclei is present in medulla? what are their functions?
Gracile and cuneate nuclei - second order neurones for dorsal column pathway
What is the main function of the medulla?
cardiorespiratory homeostasis
What does the lateral / Slyvian fissure separate ?
the parietal/frontal lobe from the temporal
what lies across the visual cortex ?
calcarine sulcus
What structure lies in the medial temporal lobe and can herniate past tentorium cerebelli compressing what ?
Uncus - compress the the midbrain
what connect the hemispheres?
corpus callosum
What contain 3rd order neurones that project to primary sensory cortex?
Thalamus
what does the cingulate gyrus do ?
emotional processing
Where is the hypothalamus found ?
Walls of the 3rd ventricle
What is the key output of the hypothalamus?
the fornix
What can herniate in the cerebellum and how does it cause death?
Cerebellar tonsils via foramen magnum
raised ICP = compression on medulla (Cardio respiratory compromise )
Where is CSF made ?
in the highly vascular choroid plexus of the ventricles. mostly the large lateral ventricles
What are the functions of CSF?
Metabolic = glucose and hormones Mechanical= Shock absorbs / weightless
Where does CSF flow and where is it reabsorbed ?
through the ventricles and subarchanoid space .
Arachnoid granulations into the s sagittal sinus into venous circulation
What holes allow the flow of CSF from the ventricles to the subarachnoid space?
Lateral and medial apertures
