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Nervous system > Topography > Flashcards

Topography Flashcards

1
Q

Frontal lobe function.

A

Speech , consciousness

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2
Q

Parietal lobe function

A

temperature, pain, proprioception and language

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3
Q

Pre central gyrus function

A

motor cortex

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4
Q

where is the Sensory cortex ?

A

Post central cortex

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5
Q

Temporal lobe function

A

long term memory ,smell, hearing

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6
Q

where is the Visual cortex ?

A

Occipital lobe

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7
Q

Where is movement and coordination cortex ?

A

Cerebellum

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8
Q

3 parts of the brainstem and its primary function?

A

Pons, medulla and midbrain .

Basic vital functions e.g. breathing , swallowing

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9
Q

Where are upper limb nerves found in the spinal cord ?

A

Cervical region

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10
Q

Where are lower limb nerves found in the spinal cord ?

A

Lumbosacral region

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11
Q

What is Grey matter and what is its function ?

A

Cell bodies and dendrites with a rich blood supply in the CNS.
Computation

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12
Q

What is the Grey matter of PNS?

A

Ganglia

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13
Q

What is white matter and what is its function ?

A

Myelinated/ non-myelinated sheaths with no cell bodies.

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14
Q

What is the white matter of PNS?

A

a nerve or root

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15
Q

Spinal cord features:

A

31 Segments - dermatome and myotome on each side
Outer white , inner grey
Ventral = motor , Dorsal = sensory.
Spinal roots = mixed

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16
Q

what is a Funiculus

A

A part of white matter containing multiples tracts that allows impulses to travel in all direction

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17
Q

what is a tract ?

A

white matter pathway connecting 2 regions of grey matter. impulses in only 1 direction

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18
Q

What is a fasciculus ?

A

Subdivision of a tract supplying a distinct region of the body

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19
Q

in what way do Grey matter structures in the spinal cord supply muscles ?

A

multiple roots from each spinal level can supply each muscles via motor neurones as long as they are adjacent to each other. e.g. L1/2/3 supply iliopsoas

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20
Q

What is a Nucleus in the the CNS?

A

a collection of cell bodies

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21
Q

What is the arrangement of matter in the Brain?

A

Outer cortex = grey
Inner = white
the most inner = grey again

22
Q

What is a fibre and what are the 3 types of fibres?

A

an axon with its supporting cells
Association = Connect within a hemisphere
Commissural = connects between hemispheres
Projection = Cerebral hemispheres with the brainstem

23
Q

What are the cerebral peduncles ?

A

in the midbrain = white matter containing corticospinal fibres from ipsilateral hemisphere

24
Q

What is the substania nigra ?

A

in the midbrain = grey matter = dopaminergic neurones

to the corpus striatum

25
Q

What is the oculomotor nucleus

A

grey matte in midbrain, LMN bodies that project to oculomotor nerve

26
Q

What is edinger-westphal nucleus ?

A

parasympathetic neurones to ciliary ganglion = pupillary constriction

27
Q

What is the cerebral aqueduct ?

A

a duct that drains CSF from 3rd ventricles to 4th under the cerebellum

28
Q

Key functions of the midbrain

A

eye movement , reflex responses to visual and auditory stimuli

29
Q

Key functions of pons?

A

Feeding and sleep (Reticular formation)

30
Q

What ventricle is close to pons

A

Fourth ventricle

31
Q

What runs close to pons?

A

basilar artery

32
Q

What tract runs in the pons ventrally?

A

Corticospinal tract

33
Q

what nerves runs laterally out the pons?

A

trigeminal

34
Q

What can compress the Pons?

A

the fourth ventricle lies anteriorly

35
Q

What is within the pyramids of the medulla ?

A

White matter containing corticospinal fibres coming from ipsilateral hemisphere , desscuating caudally

36
Q

What nuclei is present in medulla? what are their functions?

A

Gracile and cuneate nuclei - second order neurones for dorsal column pathway

37
Q

What is the main function of the medulla?

A

cardiorespiratory homeostasis

38
Q

What does the lateral / Slyvian fissure separate ?

A

the parietal/frontal lobe from the temporal

39
Q

what lies across the visual cortex ?

A

calcarine sulcus

40
Q

What structure lies in the medial temporal lobe and can herniate past tentorium cerebelli compressing what ?

A

Uncus - compress the the midbrain

41
Q

what connect the hemispheres?

A

corpus callosum

42
Q

What contain 3rd order neurones that project to primary sensory cortex?

A

Thalamus

43
Q

what does the cingulate gyrus do ?

A

emotional processing

44
Q

Where is the hypothalamus found ?

A

Walls of the 3rd ventricle

45
Q

What is the key output of the hypothalamus?

A

the fornix

46
Q

What can herniate in the cerebellum and how does it cause death?

A

Cerebellar tonsils via foramen magnum

raised ICP = compression on medulla (Cardio respiratory compromise )

47
Q

Where is CSF made ?

A

in the highly vascular choroid plexus of the ventricles. mostly the large lateral ventricles

48
Q

What are the functions of CSF?

A 
Metabolic = glucose and hormones
Mechanical= Shock absorbs / weightless
49
Q

Where does CSF flow and where is it reabsorbed ?

A

through the ventricles and subarchanoid space .

Arachnoid granulations into the s sagittal sinus into venous circulation

50
Q

What holes allow the flow of CSF from the ventricles to the subarachnoid space?

A

Lateral and medial apertures

Nervous system (20 decks)

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