Topik 8

Question 1

Skeleton devides into

Answer 1

Axial - cranium, vertebral column, ribs, strenum

Appendicular- bones of upper and lower limb

Question 2

Vertebral column

Answer 2

33 verterbral bones

Cervical- 7 greater functional needed
Thoracic- 12 more stability needed
Lumbar- 5 greater dunctional needed
Sacrum- 5
Coccyx- 4

Size increase from cervical to lumbar, later decrease roward coccyx region

Question 3

Normal curvature

Answer 3

Lordosis(tonggek)/ concave
Lumbar/cervical

Kyposis(bongkok)/convex
Thiracic/ sacrum, coccyx

Question 4

Intervertebral disc

Answer 4

Important stabilizer of spine
1- nucleus pulposus (dlm)
2- annulus fibrosus (luar)

The available motion of vertebrae is depends ratio of the disc thickness

Greater functional need in mobility at cervical and lumbar
More stability is needed in thoracic region

Question 5

Spinal articulations

Answer 5

Cartilaginous joint- between vertebral body

Synovial joint- between zygapophyseal facets

Question 6

Muscle flexes trunk

Answer 6

Rectus abdominis
External oblique
Internal oblique

Question 7

Muscle extend trunk

Answer 7

Quadratus lumborum
Multifidus
Semispinalis
Erector spinae

Question 8

Trunk rotation

Answer 8

Internal/external oblique
Rotatores
Semispinalis
Multifidus

Question 9

Lateral flexion

Answer 9

Quadratus lumborum
External/internal oblique
Rectus abdominis
Multifidus

Question 10

Muscle flexes neck

Answer 10

Longus colli
Sternocleidomastoid

Question 11

Muscle flex neck/head

Answer 11

Sternocleidomastoid
Longus capitis