Topik 7 Flashcards
Normal cubitus angle (carrying angle)
Male; 5-10 degrees
Female; 10-15 degrees
cubitus varus/valgus
Cubitus varus; deviated medially 5 degrees
Cubitus valgus; deviated laterallly 30 degrees
Kinematics of Humeroulnar
Hinge joint (flexion/extension)
Rolling of olecranon process of ulna inside olecranon fossa
Kinematics of Radioulnar joint
Pivot joint (supination/pronation)
Head of radius sliding on capitulum of humerus
Stability of elbow joint
Elbow joint is a synovial joint
Surrounded by collateral ligament
Function; provide stability to the elbow joint
5 ligaments
medial collateral ligaments (anterior/posterior fibers)
Lateral collateral ligaments (radial/upnar)
Annular ligaments (prevent distraction of radius)
Dysfunction of elbow
Tennis elbow (lateral epicondylitis)
-pain on the outside of elbow
Golfer’s elbow (medial epicondylitis)
-pain on the inside of elbow
Stability of wrist
Suppoerted by ligaments
2 ligaments; extrinsic, intrinsic
Extrinsic wrist (palmar radiocarpal ligaments)
Radiocapitate
Radiolunate
Radioscapholunate
Intrinsic wrist (intermediate ligaments)
Lunotriquetral
Scapholunate
Scaphotrapezial
Prehension
Involves grasping or taking an object in the hand with/without thumb
2 types; precision handling, power grip
Power grips
Cylindrical grip
- uses the fingers to grasp an object
-little finger are weak
Spherical grip
-fingers tend to abduct a bit
-not parallel to one another
-round opening if the hand
Hook grip
-more powerful
-able to hold heavy object
Lateral prehension
-grasp between 2 fingers
Precision
Thumbs muscle are active
Tip to tip (hujung ii)
-most precise grasp
-cannot be performed if fingers could no flex
Pad to pad
-using thumb
-thumb must be able to adduct
Pad to side (ibu jari dan jari lain)
-handling using thumb
-thumb must be able tu adduct
