Topics - swine Flashcards
- Hypovitaminoses in swine
A-hypovit:
- repro disorders, no estrus, no preg
- if preg - teratogenic, blind, problems
- exudative derm, immunosup, parasite!
E-hypo:
- selenium def
- mulberry heart disease
- piglet dies, necrosis and hem
- hepatosis dietics - enlarge lobes, nec and blood, death.
- white muscle diseases
K-hypo:
- coagulopathy
- Rodentocide
- PSS (Porcine stress syndrome)
- Genetic origin, predisp - se + vit e def.
- Overreaction to stress, transport, light.
- Signs: death, malignant hyperthermia, tremor, rapid breathing, rigor mortis 5min after death.
- Prevent: selection, cooling wih water, calcium to stop tremors, stressfree environment, azeperone when regrouping or transport, vit E + sel sup.
- Disease of respiratory tract in swine
Sensitive to environment!
Infectious:
Bacterial:
-Atopic rhinitis - bordetella, bronchoseptica, pasteurella,( sneeze, piglets, bloody)
-Glasser disease -haemophilus parasuis (growers, fever, sough, ab)
-Enzootic pneumonia - mycoplasma (growers, fever , pain cough, foamy)
-Pleuropneumonia - actinobacillus (high fever, cough)
-Pig typhisuis - culled
Viral:
- PRRS- vaccine
- Swine fever
- Aujeszkys
- Parasites
Non-inf:
-Mycotoxins, dust
- Viral and bacterial diseases of the nervous system in swine
- Rabies
- aujeszkys. SHV-1 (abortion)
- Teschen diseases (fever!, paralysis
- Strept. suis - zoonosis (tonsils, meningitis, death)
- Haemophilus parasuis - glasser (death, fever, tremor, seizures)
- Bowel edema (verotoxin e.coli, farming techniques, brain)
- Infectious skin diseases in swine
Viral - notifiable with vesicles:
- FMD
- VS -stomatitis
- SVD
- CSF
- ASF
- Swine pox
- PDNS - porcine dermatitis nephrotomy syndrome (PCV-2) - bleeding in all organs
- Exudative epidermis- greasy pig disease - stap.hyicus
- Ear necrosis
- Locomotor diseases in piglets and growers
splayleg:
-hindlegs, unclear cause environment, stress, low birth, genes, bind hindlegs together, all four = euth.
Rickets:
-Def of ca, P, vit D or too fast growing, stunted growth, lameness, break bones.
- Age of puberty of boars, ’on farm’ use of boars, proper ’on farm’ boar:sow rate
boar: sow 1:25
Natural mating 1:5
gilts: 6-8months
boar: 7,5-11months
mating records
max 2(week
check sperm quaility
- Arthritis in swine, septic laminitis
Non inf:
- Rheumatoid - immune, erosion form
- Secondary after systeic infection, lupus, pyo
- Gout - urate deposition
Bacterial arthritis:
- Erysipelas - purulent polyarthritis
- Stre.spp - fibrinous + menigitis
- H.parasuis - glasser - serous fib
- Mycoplasma species . Fibrinous polyarthritis, pericarditis, pleuritis,peritonitis
- Other: E.coli, staph
Septic laminitis:
- Techono, splitting hoof, injury, foot rot, lameness
- Treat: AB, better florrs, biotin
104.Most frequent disturbances of sexual maturation in gilts. ’On farm’ diagnostic methods
and methods of prevention/therapy
Cyclic disturbance:
- Infantile ovary
- Juvenile ovary
- Juvenile ovary and uterine tract
Background:
- AI at first heat
- silent heat
- housing tech - too big groups, no moving, no free range
- feeding - low prot
- mycoestrogens fusarium
- Nutritional disorder
- Congenital tremors, salt poisoning in swine
congenital:
-Myoclonia congenita, shaking piglet, dacing piglets.
- Types:
A1- all, swine fever, cerebral hypoplasia and spinal cord, spinal cord hypomyelinogenesis.
A2- piglets, PCV1,PCV2, hypomyelinogenesis
A3- male piglets - death
A4- cross breeds, all
A5- Organophosphate exposure
B - unknown cause
Salt poisoning:
- Water supply
- try to drink, blind wandering, meningitis, pressing head, nose twitch
Treat - rehyd
- Congenital skin diseases in swine
- Epitheliogenesis imperfecta
- Hypoplasia pf skin, legs, flank, spine - Dermatosis vegetans
- Landrace, recessive, growing lesions - papules to papillomas, club feet, death - Pityriasis rosea:
- Landrace, sporadic, multiple piglets from same litter
- lower abdomen, chest, inne thigh, back,neck
- papules in a ring, scales, secondary infection
113.Phases of puerperium in sows
Puerperium - from farrowing to cycle. 28-40 days, 4-5w - for proper involution.
heat 4-5 days after weaning stops.
Lactation, myometrial contraction, pathogens.
- Non-infectious skin diseases in swine
Thrombocytopenia purpura:
- Suckling, type 2 hypersen, death suddently or weak, purple bruses.
- Transfer piglets to other sows, use other boar, cull sow.
Parakeratosis:
-Zinc def, 2-4m piglets, lower weight, macules on their stomach, papules with crusts, secondary infections.
Treat: change feed, treat secondary
Other:
- sunbruns, necrosis by chemicals
- food allergy
- injury, abscesses, photosensitivity
- Parenteral drug administration and sample collection techniques in swine
Parenteral:
- Iron def, salt posisoning
- Intraperitoneum.
Sample collection:
–feces, blood (ear,jugular, v.cava cranialis, urine, oral fluid, swabbing nose and tonsils.
- Oral drug administration in swine
Oral: colostrum, formula, milk powder.
With suckling reflex - baby bottle
No suckeling:
-Tube, lub
- Types of anaesthesia in swine
General:
-Inhal (not so good), IM (premed), IV, slow drop infusion in ear.
Epidural - lumbosacral
Local
Approach:
- withhold food, minimize stress (mal)
- Neck muscle
- FPA, only neck
- Drugs of anaesthesia in swine
Sedation and premed:
-Azeperon (cheap,effective, premed, + ket + midazolam or ket and butorphanol)
Sedation:
- Acepromazine (not alone + ket)
- Diazepam (+midazolam)
- Midazolam (piglets, + ket)
- Xylazine (+ ket and but)
Induction and maintenance:
-Ketamine (IV, + midazolam, SE. resp, sal)
Local:
-Lido + xylazin in epidural
- Teasing boars (use, operations)
-To find animal in estrus.
Should be:
- free of diseases
- high libido
- small for gilts, but big enough for mature
- color
- friendly
Procedure: Vasectomy, epidymectomy.
107.Aims and methods of farrowing synchronization at the pig farm
Why? Labour.
can use PGF2a IM - farrowing 24h later .
108.Phases of farrowing
1st - preparation:
- milk droplets in teats, eat less, hard abdomen, cervical opening, red vulva, amnionic fluid.
2nd - birth
- might need assistance, 2-8h
- piglets get to teat alone or assistance
3rd- final ohase
- borth of placenta 1-5h
- retention..
- lochia 1-2 days after.
caring for newborns: aspirated fluid from nasal cavity and mouth, umbilical , colostrum, heat.
- Most frequent morphological defects of boar semen and diagnostic methods of them
Check macroscopic (vol, smell, color) and microscopic (spectro, motility, morphology)
70% motility!
Head deform - important
Tail, acrosome abnormalities.
Cytoplasmic droplets at base = too often collection.
105.Pregnancy diagnosis in pigs
Preg - 116days
Visual and endocrine methods:
- look, US - 25 days after AI
- maternal and embryonic hormones
- E2 production of morula and blastocyst
- P4 high in the tie of next follicular phase - not specific
Other: palp uterine artery, histo sample from vagina - not used.
101.Estrous induction and synchronization methods in swine
Estrous sync in sow:
-natural synch, heat on 5th days, ov 6th day after weaning.
Estrous sync in gilts:
- synthes progestagene - altrenogest
- stimulate luteal phase, 25h later eCG, 78hCG/GnRH
116.Caring for newborn pigets (docking (tail clipping), teeth-clipping, castration)
Docking- tail clipping;
- prevent biting, 3 days when iron is given
- 16mm
Teeth-clipping
-3 days after farrowing
Castration:
-under 7 days no ana
117.Castration of grower-finisher pig and boar
7 days < 20kg
Sedation: local
> 20kg - general ana - simple iv inj ear or v.cava cranialis.
-+ local , can also do epidural, but not best.
No sutures
112.Prolapse of rectum and vulval haematoma in swine
Rectum:
-Growing pigs, inc abd pressure, can be with prolapsed cervix.
-separate pig, restrain upside down in barrel, clean, local ana, puch back purse suture, ab
OR place tube around prolapse OR amputate.
Vuvla:
-Common in gilts, after farrowing, can rupture and bleed and die.
Procedure: sedate, local, clean, bandage between lips behind hematoma remove hemetaoma.
- if not stopped suture behind, clamp.
AB, check every 15 min in 2-3h for bleeding.
111.Uterine and cervical prolapse in swine
Uterus: 2-3h after farrowing
- blood vessels can rupture, all can collapse, euth
- Or try like cow
Cervix: before farrowing
-Supporting tissue relaxes, pressure.
-Restrain. local, horzontal mattress, tape - remove before farrowing!
suture again after farrowing.
115.Caring for newborn pigets (umbilical haemorrhage, artificial feeding, iron supplementation)
Umbilical haemorrhage:
- At birth, can be use of prostaglandins.
- clamping, can die.
Artificial bleeding:
- colostrum, milk powder or dextrose for energy.
- tech them with human baby bottle.
- Stomach tube if no suckling reflex.
Iron supplements:
- parenteral - IM iron dextran/fumarate/glutamate
- Peroral iron within 12h of birth , forrous sulphate, iron dextrose/galactan.
106.Implantation of sows in the farrowing unit. Traditional and modern farrowing buildings
farrowing unit:
- moved 4-7 days before farrowing., all in, all out
- Straw, modern building
- daily checks
Traditional: free range or grouping house with chip.
