Topics 1.3-1.5 (Biological Diversity) Flashcards
What is sexual reproduction (Include an example)
Two parents provide genetic information to offspring. An example of this are dogs.
What is asexual reproduction (include an example)
One parent provides genetic information. An example of this is a hydra.
What is fertilization?
The joining of an egg and a sperm.
What is a zygote?
The first cell that is produced when sperm/egg combine.
What are gametes?
Gametes are male and female reproductive cells
-Male gamete is the sperm or pollen
-Female gamete is the egg or ovum
What are continuous traits (include an example)
Traits that have a wide range of possibilities. An example of this is height.
What are discrete traits (include an example)
Traits that contain a limited number of possibilities. An example of this is hitch hiker’s thumb
What are dominant traits (include an example)
Traits that show up in the offspring. An example of this are brown eyes.
What are recessive traits (include an example)
Traits that will only show if it is not paired with a dominant trait. An example of this are blue eyes.
What is a mutation?
A mutation is a change to our DNA.
What is a mutagen?
A mutagen is anything that causes a change to our DNA.
What is DNA and what does it stand for?
DNA means Deoxyribonucleic Acid. DNA is called a double helix.
What are chromosomes?
Chromosomes are made up of DNA.
What are genes?
Genes are sections of DNA.
What is mitosis?
Mitosis is the division of body cells or somatic cells.
What is meiosis?
Meiosis is the production of gametes (egg and sperm).
What is a somatic cell?
Somatic cells are the cells in your body other than sperm and egg cells.
What is a diploid?
A diploid is a full set of chromosomes.
What is a haploid?
A haploid has half the number of chromosomes.
What are transgenic organisms (include an example)
Transgenic organisms are produced by adding human genes to the fertilized eggs of the organism. An example of this is how bacteria produces insulin.
What are the four types of sexual reproduction?
-Bacterial Conjugation
-Zygospores
-Animal Sexual Reproduction
-Flowers
What are the four types of asexual reproduction?
-Binary Fission
-Spores
-Cuttings (Vegetative propagation)
-Budding
What is Binary Fission?
means to split into two. It is common in one celled organisms that have to duplicate until there is nothing left.
What is spores?
Are most common in fungi and algae. Some fungi can also produce zoospores which are spores with a tail or flagellum.
What are cuttings?
Means to chop off a leaf, stem, or branch of a plant to produce clones.
What is budding?
Happens when a group of cells grows into a bud. Once the bud is fully developed, it detaches and becomes independent.
What is Bacterial Conjugation?
Not true sexual reproduction but there still is two cells combining genetic information.
What are zygospores?
Zygospores contain genetic information from two parents.
What is Animal Sexual Reproduction?
Males produce sperm that fertilizes the egg produced by the female.
Flowers
Leads to the production of fruit that contains seeds.
