Topic6 Communicable Diseases Flashcards by Anahita Zahedi

What is A microorganism? Give some examples.

A small organism that can only be seen with a microscope e.g viruses, bacteria, fungi, protists

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What is a pathogen?

A microorganism that causes disease

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How do viruses differ from bacteria?

Bacteria have A cell wall
viruses have a protein coat
-bacteria can have flagella
-bacteria are bigger

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How do bacteria make you ill?

They produce toxins

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How do viruses make you ill?

They latch onto a host cell and then inject their genetic material, eventually it bursts and produces more viruses

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What are common symptoms of a disease?

-coughing
-sneezing
-vomiting
-fever
-rashes

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What causes symptoms of a disease?

-toxins
-your bodies response to kill the pathogen

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How are pathogens spread?

By sneezing or coughing
contaminated food or water
direct contact
airborne water droplets

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In what ways do our bodies prevent the entry of pathogens?

Stomach (contains stomach acid)
eyes (produces tears that contains enzymes)
skin

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What are the four types of pathogens?

-baterica
-viruses
-fungi
-protists

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What is prokaryotic?

It is when A cell does not contain a nucleus e.g bacteria

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What is eukaryotic?

It is when a cell does contain a nucleus e.g animal cell

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Give some examples of bacteria

-salmonella
-e.coli

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Give some examples of viruses

-covid
-influenza

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Give some example of airborne diseases

-flu
-common cold

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Give some examples of direct contact diseases

-HIV/AIDS
- hepatitis

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Give some examples of animal/ insect diseases

Mosquitos (can cause malaria)
-rats (can carry salmonella)

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Give an example of what diseases contaminated food/ water can cause

-cholera
-salmonella

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In measles what is the affected organism?

Humans

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In HIV/AIDS what is the affected organism?

Humans

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In tobacco mosaic virus what is the affected organism?

Plants

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In salmonella what is the affected organism?

Humans

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In gonorrhoea what is the affected organism?

Humans

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In Rose black spot what is the affected organism?

Rose plants

In athletes foot what is the effected organism?

Humans

In malaria what is the affected organism?

Humans

What is the type of microorganism in measles?

Virus

What is the type of microorganism in HIV/AIDS

Virus

What is the type of microorganism in tobacco mosaic virus?

Virus

What is the type of microorganism in salmonella?

Bacteria

What is the type of microorganism in gonorrhea

Bacteria

What is the type of microorganism in Rose black spot?

Fungi

What is the type of microorganism in athletes foot?

Fungi

What is the type of microorganism in malaria?

Protists

Explain how measles is transmitted

Spread by the inhalation of droplets, coughs and sneezes

Explain how HIV/AIDS is transmitted

-Sexual contact - sharing needles

Explain how tobacco mosaic virus is transmitted

In contact with contaminated soil

Explain how salmonella is transmitted

Undercooked chicken/meat

Explain now gonorrhoea is transmitted

Spread by unprotected sexual contact with an infected person

Explain how Rose black spot is transmitted

Airborne carried in the air and rained by droplets

Explain how athletes food is transmitted

Direct contact

Explain now malaria is transmitted

Mosquitos sexually reproduce and a-sexually in the human body

What are the symptoms of measles?

- fever -red skin -rash

What are the symptoms of HIV/AIDS?

-shuts down bodies immune system -mild flu like illness to begin with

What are the symptoms for tobacco mosaic virus?

-distinctive mosaic pattern dislocation on leafs -not able to photosynthesise

What are the symptoms of salmonella?

-develops 8-72 hours after eating -causes cramps/abdominal pain

What are the symptoms of gonorrhoea?

-thick yellow or green discharge

What are the symptoms of Rose black spot?

-black spots on leaves -does not flower well (therefore is not able to photosynthesise)

What are the symptoms of athletes foot?

Wet / flakey skin between toes

What are the symptoms for malaria?

-fever -shaking when protists bursts out of the blood cells

How can you reduce the transmission of measles?

-vaccines -need to be isolated to stop the spread

How can you reduce the transmission of HIV/AIDS

-barrier contraceptives e.g condoms

How can you reduce the transmission of tobacco mosaic virus?

-good field hygiene -pest control

How can you reduce the transmission of salmonella?

-cooking food and drinking clean water

How can you reduce the transmission of gonorrhoea?

-must be treated with antibiotics -use contraceptives e.g condoms

How can you reduce the transmission of Rose black spot?

-use chemical fungicides -remove infected leaves

How do you reduce the transmission of athletes foot?

-wear waterproof socks in the shower

How can you reduce the transmission of malaria?

-use insecticide to kill mosquitoes -mosquito nets -take anti-malaria drugs