Topic6 Communicable Diseases Flashcards
What is A microorganism? Give some examples.
A small organism that can only be seen with a microscope e.g viruses, bacteria, fungi, protists
What is a pathogen?
A microorganism that causes disease
How do viruses differ from bacteria?
- Bacteria have A cell wall
- viruses have a protein coat
-bacteria can have flagella
-bacteria are bigger
How do bacteria make you ill?
They produce toxins
How do viruses make you ill?
They latch onto a host cell and then inject their genetic material, eventually it bursts and produces more viruses
What are common symptoms of a disease?
-coughing
-sneezing
-vomiting
-fever
-rashes
What causes symptoms of a disease?
-toxins
-your bodies response to kill the pathogen
How are pathogens spread?
- By sneezing or coughing
- contaminated food or water
- direct contact
- airborne water droplets
In what ways do our bodies prevent the entry of pathogens?
- Stomach (contains stomach acid)
- eyes (produces tears that contains enzymes)
- skin
What are the four types of pathogens?
-baterica
-viruses
-fungi
-protists
What is prokaryotic?
It is when A cell does not contain a nucleus e.g bacteria
What is eukaryotic?
It is when a cell does contain a nucleus e.g animal cell
Give some examples of bacteria
-salmonella
-e.coli
Give some examples of viruses
-covid
-influenza
Give some example of airborne diseases
-flu
-common cold
Give some examples of direct contact diseases
-HIV/AIDS
- hepatitis
Give some examples of animal/ insect diseases
- Mosquitos (can cause malaria)
-rats (can carry salmonella)
Give an example of what diseases contaminated food/ water can cause
-cholera
-salmonella
In measles what is the affected organism?
Humans
In HIV/AIDS what is the affected organism?
Humans
In tobacco mosaic virus what is the affected organism?
Plants
In salmonella what is the affected organism?
Humans
In gonorrhoea what is the affected organism?
Humans
In Rose black spot what is the affected organism?
Rose plants
In athletes foot what is the effected organism?
Humans
In malaria what is the affected organism?
Humans
What is the type of microorganism in measles?
Virus
What is the type of microorganism in HIV/AIDS
Virus
What is the type of microorganism in tobacco mosaic virus?
Virus
What is the type of microorganism in salmonella?
Bacteria
What is the type of microorganism in gonorrhea
Bacteria
What is the type of microorganism in Rose black spot?
Fungi
What is the type of microorganism in athletes foot?
Fungi
What is the type of microorganism in malaria?
Protists
Explain how measles is transmitted
Spread by the inhalation of droplets, coughs and sneezes
Explain how HIV/AIDS is transmitted
-Sexual contact
- sharing needles
Explain how tobacco mosaic virus is transmitted
In contact with contaminated soil
Explain how salmonella is transmitted
Undercooked chicken/meat
Explain now gonorrhoea is transmitted
Spread by unprotected sexual contact with an infected person
Explain how Rose black spot is transmitted
Airborne carried in the air and rained by droplets
Explain how athletes food is transmitted
Direct contact
Explain now malaria is transmitted
Mosquitos sexually reproduce and a-sexually in the human body
What are the symptoms of measles?
- fever
-red skin
-rash
What are the symptoms of HIV/AIDS?
-shuts down bodies immune system
-mild flu like illness to begin with
What are the symptoms for tobacco mosaic virus?
-distinctive mosaic pattern dislocation on leafs
-not able to photosynthesise
What are the symptoms of salmonella?
-develops 8-72 hours after eating
-causes cramps/abdominal pain
What are the symptoms of gonorrhoea?
-thick yellow or green discharge
What are the symptoms of Rose black spot?
-black spots on leaves
-does not flower well (therefore is not able to photosynthesise)
What are the symptoms of athletes foot?
Wet / flakey skin between toes
What are the symptoms for malaria?
-fever
-shaking when protists bursts out of the blood cells
How can you reduce the transmission of measles?
-vaccines
-need to be isolated to stop the spread
How can you reduce the transmission of HIV/AIDS
-barrier contraceptives e.g condoms
How can you reduce the transmission of tobacco mosaic virus?
-good field hygiene
-pest control
How can you reduce the transmission of salmonella?
-cooking food and drinking clean water
How can you reduce the transmission of gonorrhoea?
-must be treated with antibiotics
-use contraceptives e.g condoms
How can you reduce the transmission of Rose black spot?
-use chemical fungicides
-remove infected leaves
How do you reduce the transmission of athletes foot?
-wear waterproof socks in the shower
How can you reduce the transmission of malaria?
-use insecticide to kill mosquitoes
-mosquito nets
-take anti-malaria drugs
