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Yr 9 biology > Topic4 Circulatory & Breathing Systems > Flashcards

Topic4 Circulatory & Breathing Systems Flashcards

1
Q

What is the circulatory system made up of?

A

The heart, veins, blood vessels, arteries, capillaries, blood, red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, plasma

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2
Q

Why do we need a circulatory system?

A

-So that the heart pumps blood and oxygen around the body.
-Carries oxygen and glucose to our cells for respiration.
- removes carbon dioxide from our cells to our lungs.
- removes lactic acid from our cells.

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3
Q

Why do we need a circulatory system?

A

-So that the heart pumps blood and oxygen around the body.
-Carries oxygen and glucose to our cells for respiration.
- removes carbon dioxide from our cells to our lungs.
- removes lactic acid from our cells.

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4
Q

What tissue is the wall of the heart made out of?

A

Cardiac muscle tissue

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5
Q

How many chambers are in the heart?

A

Four.

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6
Q

Which side of the heart deals with oxygenated blood?

A

Left.

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7
Q

Where is oxygenated blood received from?

A

The lungs, which is then pumped to other body organs.

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8
Q

Which side of the heart deals with de-oxygenated blood?

A

Right

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9
Q

Where is de-oxygenated blood received from?

A

From body organs, which is then pumped to the lungs.

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10
Q

Where is de-oxygenated blood received from?

A

From body organs, which is then pumped to the lungs.

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11
Q

What are the function of valves?

A

Open and closes in order to ensure blood flows in one direction and doesn’t flow back wards.

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12
Q

What is the journey of blood through the heart?

A

1.) vena cava 2.) right atrium 3.) right ventricle 4.) pulmonary artery 5.) lungs 6.) pulmonary veins 7.) left atrium 8.) left ventricle 9) aorta

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13
Q

What are the three blood vessels?

A

Arteries, capillaries, veins

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14
Q

Describe an artery and give the function

A

-They have thick walls containing muscle and elastic fibers.
-Able to stretch and recoil
-carries blood away from the heart to the organs

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15
Q

Describe a vein and give the function.

A

-carries blood away from the organs to the heart (blood is usually de-oxygenated)
-has a thin muscular wall to help prevent backflow

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16
Q

Describe a capillary and give the function

A

-enables substances to diffuse out of blood and into cells.
-narrow with very thin walls (for gas exchange)

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17
Q

What are the adaptations for red blood cells?

A

They are bioconcave, so it has a large surface area for diffusion.
They have no nucleus so more space for hemoglobin which binds oxygen.

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18
Q

What are the adaptations of white blood cells?

A

Contains a nucleus

19
Q

What are the functions for platelets?

A

Helps blood to clot which leads to scabs
Prevents bacteria entering wounds so it doesn’t get infected

20
Q

What are the adaptations for platelets?

A

No nucleus
Small fragments of cells

21
Q

What is the function of plasma?

A

Transports blood cells all over the body.

22
Q

What are the adaptations for plasma?

A

Yellow liquid containing blood cells

23
Q

What do phagocytes do?

A

They have a lobed nucleus and ingest and digest microbes

24
Q

What do lymphocytes do?

A

They have a large nucleus and they make antibodies and anti-toxins

25
Q

What is coronary heart disease?

A

Condition where the blood vessels become blocked by a build up of fatty deposits.

26
Q

What is the function of the coronary arteries?

A

Supply’s our heart muscle with glucose and oxygen for respiration.

27
Q

What does the term “ risk factor “ mean?

A

Something that increases the likelihood of developing a disease

28
Q

What would the risk factors of CHD be?

A

-eating fatty foods
-obesity
-high cholesterol levels
-smoking

29
Q

What are statins?

A

Statins are pills prescribed by doctors to anyone at risk of cardiovascular disease that you take daily to reduce high cholesterol levels.

30
Q

What is the disadvantage of statins?

A

Not suitable for emergency treatment

31
Q

What are stents?

A

Stent is a metal mesh that is placed in the artery,a tiny balloon is inflated to open up a blood vessel but the remains in place. They are used to open a blocked artery.

32
Q

What are some advantages of stents?

A

Can be used in emergency’s e.g heart attacks

33
Q

What are some disadvantages of using stents?

A

Expensive procedure and can also cause blood clots

34
Q

What is conorary bypass surgery?

A

Uses an artery to divert around a blockage

35
Q

What are the advantages of conorary bypass surgery?

A

Treats multiple blockages

36
Q

What are the disadvantages of conorary bypass surgery?

A

Very expensive and there are also risks accosiated with surgery

37
Q

What is the function of alveoli?

A

The alveoli care the site of gas exchange in the lungs. Oxygen moves into the bloodstream and carbon dioxide moves out.

38
Q

How are the alveoli adapted to their function?

A

1.) many alveoli mean A large surface area for increased gas exchange
2.) large network of capillaries ensure a good blood supply
3.) the walls of the alveoli are very thin ensuring a short diffusion pathway

39
Q

What is an artificial pace maker?

A

It is used when A persons natural pace maker cells no longer work.
It helps to regulate the heart rate.

40
Q

What is a valve replacement?

A

Lasts a long time and is used when the normal valves Lear or become stiff and not able to open fully.

41
Q

What are the disadvantages of valve replacement

A

You must take medicine for the rest of your life to stop the blood from clotting around it.

42
Q

What is the artificial heart?

A

Used when pacemaker is not enough to restore the persons heart

43
Q

What are some advantages of the artificial heart?

A

-Used to give A diseased heart a rest
-No need to wait for a human donor
- good for people waiting for a heart transplant

44
Q

What are some disadvantages of an artificial heart?

A
  • Expensive
  • risk of blood clotting

Yr 9 biology (8 decks)

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