Topic4 Circulatory & Breathing Systems Flashcards
What is the circulatory system made up of?
The heart, veins, blood vessels, arteries, capillaries, blood, red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, plasma
Why do we need a circulatory system?
-So that the heart pumps blood and oxygen around the body.
-Carries oxygen and glucose to our cells for respiration.
- removes carbon dioxide from our cells to our lungs.
- removes lactic acid from our cells.
Why do we need a circulatory system?
-So that the heart pumps blood and oxygen around the body.
-Carries oxygen and glucose to our cells for respiration.
- removes carbon dioxide from our cells to our lungs.
- removes lactic acid from our cells.
What tissue is the wall of the heart made out of?
Cardiac muscle tissue
How many chambers are in the heart?
Four.
Which side of the heart deals with oxygenated blood?
Left.
Where is oxygenated blood received from?
The lungs, which is then pumped to other body organs.
Which side of the heart deals with de-oxygenated blood?
Right
Where is de-oxygenated blood received from?
From body organs, which is then pumped to the lungs.
Where is de-oxygenated blood received from?
From body organs, which is then pumped to the lungs.
What are the function of valves?
Open and closes in order to ensure blood flows in one direction and doesn’t flow back wards.
What is the journey of blood through the heart?
1.) vena cava 2.) right atrium 3.) right ventricle 4.) pulmonary artery 5.) lungs 6.) pulmonary veins 7.) left atrium 8.) left ventricle 9) aorta
What are the three blood vessels?
Arteries, capillaries, veins
Describe an artery and give the function
-They have thick walls containing muscle and elastic fibers.
-Able to stretch and recoil
-carries blood away from the heart to the organs
Describe a vein and give the function.
-carries blood away from the organs to the heart (blood is usually de-oxygenated)
-has a thin muscular wall to help prevent backflow
Describe a capillary and give the function
-enables substances to diffuse out of blood and into cells.
-narrow with very thin walls (for gas exchange)
What are the adaptations for red blood cells?
They are bioconcave, so it has a large surface area for diffusion.
They have no nucleus so more space for hemoglobin which binds oxygen.
What are the adaptations of white blood cells?
Contains a nucleus
What are the functions for platelets?
Helps blood to clot which leads to scabs
Prevents bacteria entering wounds so it doesn’t get infected
What are the adaptations for platelets?
No nucleus
Small fragments of cells
What is the function of plasma?
Transports blood cells all over the body.
What are the adaptations for plasma?
Yellow liquid containing blood cells
What do phagocytes do?
They have a lobed nucleus and ingest and digest microbes
What do lymphocytes do?
They have a large nucleus and they make antibodies and anti-toxins
What is coronary heart disease?
Condition where the blood vessels become blocked by a build up of fatty deposits.
What is the function of the coronary arteries?
Supply’s our heart muscle with glucose and oxygen for respiration.
What does the term “ risk factor “ mean?
Something that increases the likelihood of developing a disease
What would the risk factors of CHD be?
-eating fatty foods
-obesity
-high cholesterol levels
-smoking
What are statins?
Statins are pills prescribed by doctors to anyone at risk of cardiovascular disease that you take daily to reduce high cholesterol levels.
What is the disadvantage of statins?
Not suitable for emergency treatment
What are stents?
Stent is a metal mesh that is placed in the artery,a tiny balloon is inflated to open up a blood vessel but the remains in place. They are used to open a blocked artery.
What are some advantages of stents?
Can be used in emergency’s e.g heart attacks
What are some disadvantages of using stents?
Expensive procedure and can also cause blood clots
What is conorary bypass surgery?
Uses an artery to divert around a blockage
What are the advantages of conorary bypass surgery?
Treats multiple blockages
What are the disadvantages of conorary bypass surgery?
Very expensive and there are also risks accosiated with surgery
What is the function of alveoli?
The alveoli care the site of gas exchange in the lungs. Oxygen moves into the bloodstream and carbon dioxide moves out.
How are the alveoli adapted to their function?
1.) many alveoli mean A large surface area for increased gas exchange
2.) large network of capillaries ensure a good blood supply
3.) the walls of the alveoli are very thin ensuring a short diffusion pathway
What is an artificial pace maker?
It is used when A persons natural pace maker cells no longer work.
It helps to regulate the heart rate.
What is a valve replacement?
Lasts a long time and is used when the normal valves Lear or become stiff and not able to open fully.
What are the disadvantages of valve replacement
You must take medicine for the rest of your life to stop the blood from clotting around it.
What is the artificial heart?
Used when pacemaker is not enough to restore the persons heart
What are some advantages of the artificial heart?
-Used to give A diseased heart a rest
-No need to wait for a human donor
- good for people waiting for a heart transplant
What are some disadvantages of an artificial heart?
- Expensive
- risk of blood clotting
