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Chemistry > Topic Test 2 Revision > Flashcards

Topic Test 2 Revision Flashcards

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1
Q

pH

A

A measure of how acidic or alkaline a solution is

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2
Q

pH scale

A

0-14

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3
Q

A low number on the pH scale is…

A

Acidic

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4
Q

A high number on the pH scale is….

A

Alkaline

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5
Q

What pH are neutral substances

A

7

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6
Q

What is the pH of pure water?

A

7

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7
Q

What is an indicator?

A

Chemical dyes that change colour at different pH levels

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8
Q

What is the name of the most common indicator?

A

Universal Indicator

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9
Q

If a substance is extremely acidic, what colour would the universal indicator show?

A

Red

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10
Q

What colour would a universal indicator go if a substance is neutral?

A

Green

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11
Q

What colour would a universal indicator go if a substance is very alkaline?

A

Purple

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12
Q

Two ways to measure pH

A
  • Indicator
  • pH probe
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13
Q

What is the benefit of using a pH probe in comparison to an indicator?

A

Is more accurate and precise as it does not involve human judgement.

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14
Q

What is an acid?

A

Any substance that forms an aqueous solution with a pH of less than 7

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15
Q

Why are acids an aqueous solution?

A

They release hydrogen ions in water which makes the solution acidic

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16
Q

What is a base?

A

Any substance with a pH greater than 7

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17
Q

Alkalis are a subgroup of ________

A

Bases

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18
Q

What makes a base an alkali?

A

Soluble in water

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19
Q

What happens when we react an acid and a base together?

A

We get a neutralization reaction

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20
Q

What does a neutralization reaction produce?

A

Salt and water

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21
Q

Hydroxide

A

HCI

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22
Q

HCI

A

Hydroxide

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23
Q

Sulfuric acid

A

H2SO4

24
Q

H2SO4

A

Sulfuric acid

25
Q

Nitric acid

A

HNO3

26
Q

HNO3

A

Nitric acid

27
Q

Sodium Hydroxide

A

NaOH

28
Q

NaOH

A

Sodium Hydroxide

29
Q

Calcium Carbonate

A

CaCO3

30
Q

CaCO3

A

Calcium Carbonate

31
Q

What do strong acids have in common?

A

The ionise completely

32
Q

What does it mean to ionise completely?

A

The reactants turn completely into products.

33
Q

What do weak acids have in common?

A

They don’t fully ionise

34
Q

The ionisation of a weak acid is ______________

A

reversable

35
Q

What is the strength of an acid

A

How much an acid DISSOCIATES

36
Q

What is the concentration of an acid?

A

How much acid there is in a certain volume

37
Q

As the concentration of Hydrogen ions gets a higher, the pH gets ________

A

Lower

38
Q

Each decrease of one on the pH scale represents Hydrogen ions ________________________

A

Increasing by a factor of 10

39
Q

If we moved from pH 5 to pH 3 the number of Hydrogen ions will _____________________________

A

increase x100

40
Q

If we moved to pH 8 to pH 11 the number of Hydrogen ions will _____________________________

A

decrease x1000

41
Q

A substance with a low pH will have a _____________ concentration of Hydrogen ions

A

high

42
Q

At any given concentration, a strong acid will always have a _____pH in comparison to a weak acid

A

lower

43
Q

Metal Oxide + Acid =

A

Salt + water

44
Q

Metal hydroxides + Acids =

A

Salt + water

45
Q

HCl + Na2O =

A

2NaCl + H2O

46
Q

H2SO4 + 2KOH =

A

K2SO4 + 2H2O

47
Q

Acid + Metal carbonate =

A

Salt + water + CO2

48
Q

2HNO3 + CaCO3 =

A

Ca (NO)3 + H2O + CO2

49
Q

3 characteristics of bases

A
  1. Slippery to touch
  2. Bitter to taste
  3. pH of above 7
50
Q

What do bases do to red litmus paper?

A

Turn it blue

51
Q

3 characteristics of acids

A
  1. Burn skin
  2. Taste sour
  3. Have a pH of below 7
52
Q

What do acids do to blue litmus paper?

A

Turn it red

53
Q

What is the study of organic chemistry?

A

About compounds that contain Carbon

54
Q

Each atom of Carbon can form ___________ bonds

A

4

55
Q

What is a Hydrocarbon?

A

Any compound formed from Carbon and Hydrogen only

56
Q

What is the general formula for Alkanes?

A

Cn + H2n + 2

Chemistry (6 decks)

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