Reacting Atoms Revision Flashcards
Charge of a proton
1+ charge
Charge of an electron
1- charge
Charge of a neutron
No charge
Three subatomic particles that make up an atom are:
Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons
Where are protons located?
Inside the nucleus
Where are electrons located?
Located in the outer shell
Where are neutrons located?
Inside the nucleus
What size is a proton compared to a proton
1
What size is an electron compared to a proton
1/1836
What size is a neutron compared to a proton
1
How many electrons can the first shell hold?
2
How many electrons can the second shell hold?
8
How many electrons can the third shell hold?
18
Neon symbol
Ne
Sodium symbol
Na
Magnesium symbol
Mg
Aluminum symbol
Al
Silicon symbol
Si
Phosphorus symbol
P
Sulfur symbol
S
Chlorine symbol
Cl
Argon symbol
Ar
Atomic number of Neon
10
Atomic number of Sodium
11
Atomic number of Magnesium
12
Atomic number of Aluminum
13
Atomic number of Silicon
14
Atomic number of Phosphorus
15
Atomic number of Sulfur
16
Atomic number of Chlorine
17
Atomic number of Argon
18
Electron configuration of Neon
2, 8
Electron configuration of Sodium
2, 8, 1
Electron configuration of Magnesium
2, 8, 2
Electron configuration of Aluminum
2, 8, 3
Electron configuration of Silicon
2, 8, 4
Electron configuration of Phosphorus
2, 8, 5
Electron configuration of Sulfur
2, 8, 6
Electron configuration of Chlorine
2, 8, 7
Electron configuration of Argon
2, 8, 8
What is an ion?
An atom which has gained or lost one electron
What is a negative ion called?
An “anion”
What is a positive ion called?
“Cation”
Convert Mg to be an ion
Loses two electrons
Convert Fluorine to be an ion
Gains 1 electron
Why are all group 18 elements stable?
As they have a full outer shell
Group 18 have a full OR empty outer shell?
Full
How do ionic bonds occur?
When a metal reacts with a non metal
The general rule of ionic bonding.
Electrons move from the metal to the non metal
Using the general rule for ionic bonding, what is formed?
Positive metal ions (Cations) and negative non-metal ions (Anions)
Steps to name an element.
1) Write down the elements involved
2) Change the ending of the second element to -ide
3) Count how many atoms there are of each element
4) Add prefixes for the number of atoms
The prefixes for the number of atoms are:
1 - (no prefix)
2 - di
3 - tri
4 - tetra
5 - penta
6 - hexa
The prefixes for the number of atoms are:
1 - (no prefix)
2 - di
3 - tri
4 - tetra
5 - penta
6 - hexa
OH
Hydroxide
Hydroxide
OH
Sulfate
SO4
SO4
Sulfate
Carbonate
CO3
CO3
Carbonate
Nitrate
NO3
NO3
Nitrate
Phosphate
PO4
PO4
Phosphate
NH3
Ammonia
Ammonia
NH3
Ammonium
NH4
NH4
Ammonium
What are isotopes?
Atoms that have the same name and chemical properties, and the same amount of protons.
However they have different masses and a different number of neutrons
Atoms that have the same name and chemical properties, and the same amount of protons.
However they have different masses and a different number of neutrons
These are called what?
Isotopes
In the periodic table, the vertical groupings are called…
Groups
In the periodic table, the horizontal groupings are called…
Periods
The period of an element determines the…
number of shells occupied by electrons
The group of an element determines…
how it will react
What is a covalent compound?
A molecule formed by covalent bonds
What molecules commence covalent bonding?
Non-metals
In covalent bonding, what occurs?
SHARING of electrons
What are the two types of covalent bonds?
- Polar
- Non polar
What is different about non polar covalent bonds in comparison to polar covalent bonds?
There is an equal sharing of electrons
What are the 6 types of chemical reactions?
- Combination reactions
- Decomposition reactions
- Single displacement reactions
- Double displacement reactions
- Combustion reactions
- Acid based reactions
Draw out a combination reaction using A, B
A + B → AB
A + B → AB represents what type of chemical reaction?
Combination reaction
Draw out a decomposition reaction using A, B
AB → A + B
AB → A + B represents what type of chemical reaction
Decomposition reaction
Represent a single displacement reaction using A, B, and C
AB + C → AC + B
AB + C → AC + B represents what kind of chemical reaction
Single displacement reaction
Represent a double displacement reaction using A, B, C, and D
AB + CD → AD + BC
AB + CD → AD + BC is representing what kind of chemical reaction?
Double displacement reaction
What is a combustion reaction?
When Oxygen combines with a substance to produce water and carbon dioxide
What is a acid based reaction?
A double displacement reaction resulting in the creation of water and another substance
How do you test for Oxygen
Using the glowing splint method; light a splint, allowed it to burn briefly before blowing it out, when it is still hot introduce the splint to test tube.
If it is Oxygen, the splint will reignite
How do you test for Hydrogen gas?
Using the glowing splint method; light a splint, allowed it to burn briefly before blowing it out, when it is still hot introduce the splint to test tube.
If it is Hydrogen gas, there will be a popping sound
How do you test for carbon dioxide?
- Place limewater in a test tube
- Gently blow air onto it using a straw
If it goes cloudy, then carbon dioxide is present
