Topic- Science assess Flashcards
Four tenets of cell theory
(1) all livings things made of cells
(2) cells = basic functional units of life
(3) cells arise only from other cells
(4) cells store info using nucleic acids
Cell cycle: phase before G0
G1
Pathway for sperm development
Seminiferous tubules to the epididymis
Cells capable of becoming any cell type in the human body or even the placenta
Totipotent
Fetus ductus arterisus
Reduce blood flow through lungs
Oligodendrocytes are found in the… while Schwann cells are in the …
Oligodendrocytes = CNS
Schwann cells = PNS
When an action potential is generated. the first thing that happens is…
Increased permeability Na+
Steroid hormones most often bind…
to intracellular receptors of target cells
Hormones that elevates calcium blood concentration
Parathyroid hormone (it causes osteoclasts in bone to break bone down [bone resorption] so that calcium is released into the blood])
Menstrual cycle phase where progesterone is at the highest concentration?
Luteal phase
In the nephron, what happens by increasing the permeability of the collecting duct to water
concentrating the urine
The collecting duct of the nephron is under ____ hormone control
ADH
vitl capacity of the lungs
Max amount of air moved in a single resp. cycle
Diaphragm relaxing = exhale or inhale?
exhale
anatomical features of oxygen during inhalation
Pharynx -> larynx -> trachea -> bronchioles
B- blood produces both:
B antigens and anti-Rh antibodies
A person with “-“ blood produces…
Anti-Rh antibodies
what is the relationship between carbon dioxide levels and carbonic acid levels in blood?
Direct
An increase of blood carbon dioxide levels leads to a (increase/decrease) pH which (raises/lowers) the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen
Increase in blood CO2 ->Decrease of pH -> lowers affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen
Transfer of genes from one bacterium to another using a viral vector
Transduction
______ requires a sex pilus
Conjugation
___ involvse the uptake of “naked” DNA through the cell membrane
Transformation
____ are “jumping genes” that can insert and remove themselves from the genome; don’t require a vector
Transposons
The osteoclasts in bones are best classified as:
A) B cells
B) T cells
C) Symbiotic bacteria
D) Macrophages
Macrophages
Pathways of the complement system and what they require
Classical pathway =Antigen binding
Alternative pathway = Antibody-independent
T cells that would react w/ self-proteins are normally inactivated in teh thymus. This occurs through:
Negative selection (cells that, when exposed to a self antigen, would produce an immune reponse are destroyed)
Opsonization
Antibodies bind to a pathogen and recruit leukocytes to phagocytize those antigens
Lacteals
small lymphatic vessels in digestive tract
In adults, ligaments connect
bone to bone
Founder effect
A change in gene frequencies when a small population is isolated from a larger population and therefore has a substantially different allele distribution
