Topic- Science assess

Question 1

Four tenets of cell theory

Answer 1

(1) all livings things made of cells
(2) cells = basic functional units of life
(3) cells arise only from other cells
(4) cells store info using nucleic acids

Question 2

Cell cycle: phase before G0

Answer 2

G1

Question 3

Pathway for sperm development

Answer 3

Seminiferous tubules to the epididymis

Question 4

Cells capable of becoming any cell type in the human body or even the placenta

Answer 4

Totipotent

Question 5

Fetus ductus arterisus

Answer 5

Reduce blood flow through lungs

Question 6

Oligodendrocytes are found in the… while Schwann cells are in the …

Answer 6

Oligodendrocytes = CNS

Schwann cells = PNS

Question 7

When an action potential is generated. the first thing that happens is…

Answer 7

Increased permeability Na+

Question 8

Steroid hormones most often bind…

Answer 8

to intracellular receptors of target cells

Question 9

Hormones that elevates calcium blood concentration

Answer 9

Parathyroid hormone (it causes osteoclasts in bone to break bone down [bone resorption] so that calcium is released into the blood])

Question 10

Menstrual cycle phase where progesterone is at the highest concentration?

Answer 10

Luteal phase

Question 11

In the nephron, what happens by increasing the permeability of the collecting duct to water

Answer 11

concentrating the urine

Question 12

The collecting duct of the nephron is under ____ hormone control

Answer 12

ADH

Question 13

vitl capacity of the lungs

Answer 13

Max amount of air moved in a single resp. cycle

Question 14

Diaphragm relaxing = exhale or inhale?

Answer 14

exhale

Question 15

anatomical features of oxygen during inhalation

Answer 15

Pharynx -> larynx -> trachea -> bronchioles

Question 16

B- blood produces both:

Answer 16

B antigens and anti-Rh antibodies

Question 17

A person with “-“ blood produces…

Answer 17

Anti-Rh antibodies

Question 18

what is the relationship between carbon dioxide levels and carbonic acid levels in blood?

Answer 18

Direct

Question 19

An increase of blood carbon dioxide levels leads to a (increase/decrease) pH which (raises/lowers) the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen

Answer 19

Increase in blood CO₂ ->Decrease of pH -> lowers affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen

Question 20

Transfer of genes from one bacterium to another using a viral vector

Answer 20

Transduction

Question 21

______ requires a sex pilus

Answer 21

Conjugation

Question 22

___ involvse the uptake of “naked” DNA through the cell membrane

Answer 22

Transformation

Question 23

____ are “jumping genes” that can insert and remove themselves from the genome; don’t require a vector

Answer 23

Transposons

Question 24

The osteoclasts in bones are best classified as:

A) B cells

B) T cells

C) Symbiotic bacteria

D) Macrophages

Answer 24

Macrophages

Question 25

Pathways of the complement system and what they require

Answer 25

Classical pathway =Antigen binding

Alternative pathway = Antibody-independent

Question 26

T cells that would react w/ self-proteins are normally inactivated in teh thymus. This occurs through:

Answer 26

Negative selection (cells that, when exposed to a self antigen, would produce an immune reponse are destroyed)

Question 27

Opsonization

Answer 27

Antibodies bind to a pathogen and recruit leukocytes to phagocytize those antigens

Question 28

Lacteals

Answer 28

small lymphatic vessels in digestive tract

Question 29

In adults, ligaments connect

Answer 29

bone to bone

Question 30

Founder effect

Answer 30

A change in gene frequencies when a small population is isolated from a larger population and therefore has a substantially different allele distribution