Topic P6 Waves Flashcards

1
Q

how do waves transfer energy

A

from one place to another without transferring any matter

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2
Q

what is amplitude of a wave

A

the maximum displacement of a point on the wave from its undisturbed position

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3
Q

what is the wavelength

A

the distance between the same point on 2 adjacent waves

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4
Q

what is the frequency

A

the number of complete waves passing a certain point per second

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5
Q
A
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5
Q

what is frequency measured in

A

hertz (Hz)

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6
Q

what is period measured in

A

seconds

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7
Q

what are transvervse waves

A

-have sideways vibrations
-they’re perpendicular at the direction of energy transfer

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7
Q

waves are either

A

-transvervse
-longitudinal

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8
Q

state which waves are transvervse

A
  1. electromagnetic waves
  2. ripples and waves in water
  3. a wave on a string
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9
Q

what are longitudinal waves

A

-oscillations are parallel to the direction of energy transfer

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9
Q

an example of a longitduinal wave

A

-air

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10
Q

what is wave speed measured in

A

m/s

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11
Q

what is wavelength measured in

A

metres

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12
Q

what should you use an oscilloscope to measure

A

-to measure the speed of sound
1. set it up so detected waves are shown as seperate waves
2. both microscopes next to the speaker and then slowly move 1 away until next waves are aligned
3. measure distance between the microphones to find 1wavelength

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13
Q

state what happens when waves meet boundaries

A
  1. absorbed by 2nd material
  2. **transmit **through 2nd material
  3. wave is **reflected **
14
Q

what type of waves are electromagnetic

A

transverse
-they transfer energy from a source to an absorber

15
Q

how does a camp fire transfer energy

A

-by emitting infared radiation
-they are then absorbed by objects to the thermal energy store

15
Q

how do radio waves transfer energy

A

to the kinetic energy stores of electrons in radio receivers which generates an electrical current

15
Q

state characteristics of electromagnetic waves

A

-all travel at the same speed through air
-aren’t vibrations of particles and are vibrations of electric and magnetic fields means TRAVEL THROUGH VACUUM
-vary in wavelength

16
Q

what is refraction

A

where waves change direction at a boundary

16
Q

state how u detect refraction

A

when a wave hits the boundary at an angle and changes direction

16
Q

how ray diagrams show the path of a wave

A

-straight lines that are perpendicular to wave fronts and they show the direction a wave is travelling in

16
Q

state how refracted waves slow down or speed up

A

-when the waves bends towards the normal, it slows down
-when it bends away from the normal it speeds up

17
how to construct a ray diagram
for a refracted light ray
18
learn how to do a ray diagram
19
how are radio waves made
by oscillating charges -alternating currents are made up of oscillating charges
20
what are radio waves mainly used
for communication
21
how are microwaves used by satellites
-communication to and from satellites use microwaves -its best to use microwaves which can pass easily through the Earth's watery atmosphere -the signal from a transmitter is transmitted into space -the receiver dish orbits thousands of km above earth -satelite transmits the signals back to earth
22
explain how microwave ovens use microwaves
-in microwave ovens the microwaves are absorbed by water molecules in food -the microwave penetrates up a few cm into the food before being absoorbed and transferring the energy -water molecules then transfer energy to the rest of molecules in food by heating, quickly cooking food
23
how can infrared radiation be used to increase temperatures
-infrared cameras are used to detect infrared radiation and monitor temperature -the camera detects the IR radiation and turns it into an electrical signal which is displayed on a screen -the hotter the object is the birghter it appears
24
explain how electric heaters heat a room
-they contain a long piece of wire that heats up when a current flows through it -wire then emits infared radiation -this is then absorbed by objects and energys transferred by the IR waves to thermal energy stores
25
what does fibre optic cables use
visible light to transmit data -they carry data from telephoes over long distances as pulses of visible light -work bc of reflection
26
what are ultraviolet radiation used for
-gives you a suntan -fluorescent lights generate UV radiation which is then re-emitted as visible light by phosphor on the inside of a bulb -energy efficient and are good to use when light is needed
27
state why we use X rays
-for medicine -they pass easily through flesh but not as easily through dense materials like bones or metal
28
what are radiographers used for
-X rays and gamma rays to treat people with cancer
29
state the dangers of using electromagnetic radiation
-they enter living tissues, and is often harmless but sometimes creates havoc -UV radiation damages surface cells, leading to sub burn and can cause blindness and an increased risk of skin cancer -high fequency waves like UV transfer lots of energy + cause lots of damage
30
state how to measure risks by using radiation doses in sieverts
-by radiation doses, which is measured in sieverts
31