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GCSE Physics > Topic P1 Energy > Flashcards

Topic P1 Energy Flashcards

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1
Q

state the ways that energy is transferred between stores

A
  1. thermal
  2. kinetic
  3. gravitational potentional
  4. elastic potential
  5. chemical
    6.
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2
Q

what are closed systems

A

systems where neither matter nor energy can enter or leave
-the net change in total energy is always zero

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3
Q

how is energy transferred by heating

A

-e.g boiling water in kettle
-energys transferred to the water by heating into the waters thermal energy store causing temperature of the water to rise

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4
Q

state what happens when a ball goes upwards

A

-inital force exerted by a person to throw the ball does work
energy transfer: from chemical energy store of persons arm to kinetic

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5
Q

name the energy store that happens when dropping a ball

A

goes from gravitational potential energy store to kinetic energy store

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6
Q

state what happens when a car brakes

A

friction between the wheels and car brakes does work as it slows down
-causes energy transfer from wheels kinetic energy to thermal

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7
Q

state what would happen in a collision between a car and stationary object

A

-energys transferred from the cars kinetic energy store to other stores
-some energys also transferred away by sound waves

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8
Q

state the unit for kinetic energy

A

-joules

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9
Q

state when kinetic energy is to the store what happens

when its transferred away

A

-to the store, an object speeds up

-transferred away from the store when an object slows down

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9
Q

the greater the mass

A

the faster its going
-more energy will be

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10
Q

gravitational field strength

A

N/kg

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11
Q

whats speed squared measured in

A

m/s squared

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12
Q

what happens when falling objects transfer energy

A

-when something falls, energy from its gravitational potential energy is transferred to its kinetic energy
-no air resistance for falling objects

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12
Q

whats mass measured in

A

kg

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12
Q

height measurements

A

metres

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12
Q

what does stretching do to an objects

A

transfers energy to its elastic potential energy store

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13
Q

what is work done measured in

A

joules

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13
Q

what is specific heat capacity

A

amount of energy in joules needed to raise the temperature of 1kg of material by 1degrees

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13
Q

describe energy transfers for closed for closed systems

A

-energy transfers occur between the components of the system, but the total energy within the system remains constant, as no energy is lost to or gained from the surroundings.

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13
Q

specific heat capacity unit

A

J/kg degrees

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13
Q

what is dissipated energy

A

sometimes called wasted energy
-energys stored in a way that is not useful

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13
Q

what is the conservation of energy principle

A

that energy can be transferred usefully, stored or disspiated but can never be created or destroyed

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13
Q

what is power

A

rate of energy transfer or the rate of doing work

13
Q

what is lubrication used for

A

reducing frictional forces
-and whenever something moves theres usually 1frictional force acting against it
-causes energy in systems to be dissipated

13
Q

what is power measured in

A

watts
-1watt- 1joule of energy transferred per second

14
Q

state what happens when an objects heated

A

-energy is transferred to the kinetic energy stores of its particles
-this causes particles to vibrate more and to collide
-during these collisions energys transferred between the particles kinetic energy stores, CONDUCTION
-if particles are free to move, particles more quicker and it means the space between individual particles increases too

15
Q

what is the difference between conduction and convection

A

-conduction transfers heat through direct contact between particles in a solid, whereas
-convection transfers heat through the movement of fluids (liquids or gases)

16
Q

2ways to prevent energy losses through heating

A

-have thick walls, made from material with low thermal conductivity
-use thermal insulation

17
Q

examples of thermal insulation

A
  1. cavity walls, made up of inner and outer wall with an air gap in the middle filled with foam. the gap reduced energy transfer
  2. loft insulation, reduces convection currents
  3. double-glazed windows, air gap between 2 sheets of glass to prevent energy transfer
17
Q

state 3 ways to improve efficiency of energy transfers

A
  1. insulating objects
  2. lubricating them
  3. making them more streamlined
18
Q

state 2 non renewable energy sources

A
  1. fossil fuels
  2. nuclear fuel
19
Q

3main fossil fuels

A
  1. coal
  2. oil
  3. natural gas
20
Q

state 3things about non-renewable energy sources

A
  1. they will all run out one day
  2. all do damage to the environment
  3. provide most our energy
21
Q

state 4 renewable energy sources

A
  1. geothermal
  2. wind
  3. water waves
  4. hydro-electricity
22
Q

state 3 things about renewable energy resources

A
  1. they will never run out and the energy can be renewed
  2. most of them do damage to the environment but in less bad ways
  3. trouble is they do not provide much energy and are unreliable as they depend on weather
23
Q

state non renewable and renewable examples used for transport

A

NON- petrol
-diesel
-coal used in steam trains
RENEW- vehicles used on pure bio-fuels

24
Q

state the non-renewable energy resources used for heating

A

-natural gas, used to heat water which is then pumped into radiators throughout homes
-coal is burnt in fireplaces
-electric heaters

25
Q

state renewable energy resources

A

-a geothermal heat pump
-solar water heaters which use the sun to heat water, that is then pumped into radiators in buildings
-burning bio-fuel or using electricity generated from renewable resources

26
Q

state what renewable energy resources will not run out

A

-wind
-solar
-geothermal

27
Q

state how wind power is generated

A

by wind turbines
-involves putting lots of wind turbines up in exposed places e.g coasts
-each turbine has a generator inside and the rotating blades turn it and produce electricity

28
Q

what are the disadvantages of wind turbines

A

-spoil views as you need 1500
-can be very noisy
-turbines may stop when wind stops
-inital costs are high

29
Q

advantages of wind turbines

A

-no permanent damage to landscape
-renewable
-proudce electricity 75-80% of time
-no fuel costs and minimal running costs

30
Q

explain why solar cells are fairly reliable

A

-consistent energy production with components that rarely experience failure
-inital costs are high but after energy is free and running costs are small
-only used in daytime

31
Q

where is geothermal power used

A

-in volcanic areas where hot rocks lie near the surface
-free energy which is reliable
-can be used to generate electricity and heat buildings directly

31
Q

state the problem of geothermal power

A

-there isn’t many suitable locations for power plants
-cost of building plant is high compared to energy thats produced

32
Q

what is hydro-electric power used for

A

-falling water
-builds a big dam and waters allowed out through turbines

33
Q

advantages and disadvantages of hydro-electric power

A

ADV
-provides immediate response to increased demand for electricity
-reliable except in times of drought
-no fuel costs, minimal running

DISADV
-big impact on environment due to flooding of valleys
-possible loss off habitats
-inital costs are high

34
Q

wave power adv and disadv

A

adv
-no pollution
-no fuel costs
-minimal running costs

disadv
-disturbs habitats
-unreliable as waves die out when wind drops
-hazard to boats

35
Q

how to use tides

A

-build a tidal barrage
-big dams built across river estuaries with turbines in them
-as the tide comes in it fills estuary and waters allowed out through turbines at controlled speeds

36
Q

adv and disadv of tidal barrages

A

ADV
-no pollution
-reliable
-no fuel costs and minimal running costs

DISADV
-prevents access to boats
-altering habitats
-height of tide is variable, so lower tides produce less energy

37
Q

state examples of renewable energy resources

A

-wind power
-solar cells
-geothermal power
-wave power

38
Q

state the energy source bio-fuels uses

A

-made from plant and waste and are burnt to produce electricity in the same way as fossil fuels

39
Q

adv and disadv for bio-fuels

A

adv
-reliable
-renewable energy resource

disadv
-cannot respond to immediate energy demands
-cost to refine them is very high
-large areas have to be cleared to grow bio-fuels

40
Q

give 2ways an environment can be damaged when using fossil fuels

A

-releases carbon dioxide, which traps heat and causes Earth’s temperature to rise.
-Greenhouse gas emissions cause global warming.

41
Q

3reasons why renewable energy sources are limiteed

A

-by reliability
-money
-politics

42
Q
A

GCSE Physics (6 decks)

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