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Physics Paper 1 > Topic P1 - Energy > Flashcards

Topic P1 - Energy Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 8 types of energy store?

KG CEMENT

A

1) Kinetic
2) Gravitational Potential

3) Chemical
4) Elastic Potential
5) Magnetic
6) Electrostatic
7) Nuclear
8) Thermal

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2
Q

What are the 4 types of energy transfer?

HERM

A

1) Heating
2) Electrical (work done by moving charges)
3) Radiation (e.g light or sound)
4) Mechanical (a force doing work)

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3
Q

Work done = ..?

A

Work done = energy transferred

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4
Q

System definition

A

A single object or a group of objects

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5
Q

If an arm throws a ball up where does the energy transfer too and from?

A

Chemical energy store of arm

  • Arm moves up

Kinetic energy store of ball and arm

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6
Q

For energy transfers in five different systems, read page 76.

A

^^

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7
Q

Kinetic energy formula

A

K.E. = 1/2 mv²

m = mass
v = speed (velocity)
K.E = kinetic energy
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8
Q

What is kinetic energy measured in?

A

Joules ( J )

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9
Q

What is mass measured in, in physics?

A

Kilograms (kg)

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10
Q

What is speed measured in?

A

m/s

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11
Q

Gravitational potential energy formula

A

E.P = mgh

m = mass
g = gravitational field strength 
h = height
E.P = gravitational potential energy
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12
Q

What is gravitational field strength measured in?

A

N/kg

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13
Q

What is height measured in?

A

meters (m)

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14
Q

What is conservation of energy?

A

Energy can be transferred usefully, stored or dissipated, but not created or destroyed.

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15
Q

What is a closed system?

A

No energy (or matter) is transferred in or out of the system, so there is no overall change in total energy.

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16
Q

What is specific heat capacity?

A

The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1 degree Celsius.

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17
Q

Power definition

A

Rate of energy transfer (or rate of doing work)

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18
Q

One Watt (W) = one joule…?

A

One Watt (W) = one joule of energy transferred per second.

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19
Q

What are the 2 Power formulas?

A 
P = E/t
P = W/t 
E = energy transferred ( J )
P = Power (W)
t = Time (s)
W = Work done ( J )
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20
Q

What is work the measure of?

A

The measure of energy transfer when as force moves an object through a distance.

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21
Q

Work done is equal to…

A

Work done is equal to energy transferred.

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22
Q

What is energy transfer measured in?

A

Joules

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23
Q

What is work done measured in?

A

Joules

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24
Q

What is power measured in?

A

Watts

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25
Q

Why do 2W motors lift mass faster than a 1W motor?

A

2W motor transfers more energy per second than 1W so the mass lifts faster

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26
Q

What 2 ways can efficiency be measured by an equation?

A

1). Useful output energy transfer
Efficiency = ————————————
Total input energy transfer

2). Useful power output
Efficiency = ————————————
Total power input

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27
Q

No device is 100% efficient, true or false?

A

True

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28
Q

Conduction definition

A

Process where vibrating particles transfer energy to neighbouring particles.

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29
Q

Convection definition

A

Where energetic particles move from hotter to cooler regions.

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30
Q

How can the efficiency of useful energy transfers be increased?

A

Through lubrication and thermal insulation.

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31
Q

How does thermal insulation reduce unwanted energy transfers?

A

Reduces unwanted energy transfers by heating.

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32
Q

How does lubrication help reduce energy dissipation?

A

Frictional force is reduced

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33
Q

What 2 ways can you decrease how quickly a building cools?

A

1) Increase the thickness of its walls

2) Make walls out of material with lower thermal conductivity.

34
Q

The higher a materials thermal conductivity, the faster…

A

the faster it transfers energy by conduction.

35
Q

Non-renewable energy resources meaning?

A

Energy resources that will run out one day.

36
Q

Renewable energy resources meaning?

A

Energy resources that will never run out.

37
Q

Are fossil fuels renewable or non renewable?

A

Non-renewable

38
Q

What are 3 fossil fuels?

A

1) Coal
2) Oil
3) Natural Gas

39
Q

What is coal used for?

A
  • Burned for heating

- Used to power steam trains.

40
Q

What is oil used for?

A

To make fuel for cars

41
Q

What is gas used for?

A

Used to heat water that is then pumped into radiators

42
Q

How does burning fossil fuels negatively effect the planet?

A

Burning fossil fuels releases CO2 contributing to global warming.

Burning coal and oil releases sultry dioxide, causing acid rain

43
Q

Is nucleus power renewable or non-renewable?

A

Nucleus power is non-renewable

44
Q

How does nuclear power generate electricity

A

Nuclear fuel undergoes fission in nuclear reactors, generating electricity.

45
Q

Why is nuclear power bad?

A

Nuclear waste is dangerous, difficult and expensive to dispose of

Carries the risk of a major catastrophe.

46
Q

Is wind power renewable or non-renewable?

A

Renewable

47
Q

How do wind power work?

A

Wind turns wind turbines, generating electricity.

48
Q

Why is wind power good and bad?

A

Produce no pollution when in use

Noisy

Spoil the view

49
Q

Are wind turbines reliable or unreliable?

A

Unreliable, reliant on wind speed, stops turning when wind is too strong or not present.

50
Q

Is solar power renewable or non-renewable?

A

Renewable

51
Q

How does solar power work?

A

Solar cells generate electric directly from sunlight.

52
Q

Why is solar power a good source of electricity?

A

Produces no pollution when in use.

53
Q

Is solar power reliable or not reliable?

A

Reliable in daytime, especially in sunny countries

54
Q

What are solar water heaters?

A

Solar water heaters use the sun to heat water which is then pumped into radiators.

55
Q

Is geothermal power renewable or non-renewable?

A

Renewable

56
Q

How does geothermal power work?

A

Energy from thermal energy stores of underground hot rocks used to generate electricity.

57
Q

Why is geothermal power good?

A

Does very little environmental damage

58
Q

Is geothermal power reliable or not reliable?

A

Reliable

59
Q

What are geothermal heat pumps used for?

A

To heat buildings

60
Q

Is hydro-electric power renewable or non-renewable?

A

Renewable

61
Q

How does hydro-electric power work?

A

Big dams, built in valley, fill up with water.

Water allowed out through turbines, generating electricity.

62
Q

Is hydro-electric power reliable or non-reliable?

A

Reliable (unless there is drought)

63
Q

Why is hydro-electric power good and bad?

A

Produce no pollution when in use.

Rotting plants (from flooded valley) release methane and CO2 contributing to global warming.

64
Q

Is wave power renewable or non-renewable?

A

Renewable

65
Q

How does wave power work?

A

Waves move up and down.

Air forces thorough turbines.

Electricity is generated.

66
Q

Why is wave power good and bad?

A

Produce no pollution when in use

Disturbs habitats of sea animals

Spoils the view

67
Q

Is wave power reliable or unreliable?

A

Unreliable - waves depend on wind

68
Q

Are tidal barrages renewable or non-renewable sources of power?

A

Renewable

69
Q

How do tidal barrages work?

A

Tide comes in

Water builds behind the dam

Water allowed out through turbines

Electricity generated

70
Q

Why are tidal barrages good and bad?

A

Produce no pollution when in use.

Disturbs habitats of nearby wildlife.

Spoils the view.

71
Q

Are tidal barrages reliable or unreliable?

A

Reliable - tides are predictable

72
Q

Are bio-fuels renewable or non-renewable?

A

Renewable

73
Q

How are bio-fuels made?

A

Made from plant products or animal dung.

74
Q

How do bio-fuels generate electricity?

A

Bio-fuels are burned to generate electricity.

75
Q

Why can bio-fuels be bad for the environment?

A

In some regions, large areas of forests destroyed to grow bio-fuels, so species lose natural habitats

76
Q

What can bio-fuels be used for?

A

Burned for heating

Used as fuel in some cars

77
Q

Is bio-fuel reliable or unreliable?

A

Reliable

78
Q

What are the trends of energy use from 1900-2000 and 2000 onwards?

A

1900-2000
Electricity use increased as:
- population grew, people began to use electricity for more things

2000 onwards
Electricity use decreasing as:
- appliances are more efficient
- people are more careful with amount energy use

79
Q

What are the 3 reasons why we are increasing use of renewables?

A

1) Burning fossil fuels is very damaging to the environment.
2) We need to learn how to get by without non-renewables before they run out.
3) Pressure on governments have led them to introduce renewable energy targets.

80
Q

How is change in energy sources limited?

A

Limited by:

  • cost
  • social issues
  • ethical concerns
  • political issues
81
Q

Power is..

A

Energy per second

82
Q

Potential difference is =

A

Potential dif. = current x resistance

Physics Paper 1 (4 decks)

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