Topic Evaluations Flashcards

Question

Caregiver Infant Interactions

Answer 1

filmed observations - CV controlled, analysed later difficult to observe - lack coordination, can’t determine developmental importance - isabella research not replicated, feldman says robust phenomena

Answer 2

external validity - ordinary activities, parents so natural, no alien environment or others asocial stage - immobile, anxiety difficult to see, reports may be inaccurate real life application - day care in asocial and indiscriminate not specific attatchment generalisability - considerable data all from same demographic, collectivist cultures

Answer 3

real world application - agonising decisions, reassures fathers and same sex confusion over question - some primary, secondary, difficult to answer conflicting evidence - longitudinal show distinct role but mccallum and golombok said same sex not different observer bias - stereotypes of fathers, unintended conclusions

Answer 4

theoretical values - apply to real life, close contact, quality of attatchment in life practical value - howe understand neglect, attatchment in zoos ethical issues - monkeys human like, knew suffering generalisability - imprinting in birds can’t relate, mammalian show more attatchment questionable observation - guiton said chickens on gloves but leant to mate, lorenz said permanent

Answer 5

counter evidence (animal) - lorenz imprinted before fed, harlows study no food importance, cloth mother other milk provider counter evidence (human) - schaffer and emerson show form attatchment to mother even though others fed, food not always main factor other factors - research, quality associated with reciprocity and synchrony (isabella), no reason if feeding formed social learning - new developments, hay and vespo says reach through hug or reinforce with praise, doesn’t rely on cupboard love

Answer 6

internal working model - hazan and shaver, the love quiz assesses working model, positive correlation, bailey et al, 99 mothers, poor attatchment, childhood reflects social releasers- brazelton, observed and found synchrony, observation to experiment, ignore signals, distressed and fetal position monotropy - schaffer and emerson, multiple attachments in 27%, challenges need for one alternative explanation - individual experience, kagan ‘temprament hypothesis’, genetically inherited traits, some more sociable/anxious, bowlby ignored, may influence attatchment type

Answer 7

reliable - highly controlled, several observers, 94% agreement, inter observer reliability strong, trustworthy predictive validity - mccormick, securely attached achieve better, less bullying and better health, meaningful indicator, influence on later life another type - main and soloman, analysed via tape, inconsistent meant insecure-disorganised, meta analysis found 15% type D lack of ecological value - conducted in artificial setting, unfamiliar to both, may act different, don’t know if behaviour natural

Answer 8

large sample size - high internal validity, 1990 infants and figures, reduces anomalies, simonella and jin had large comparisons, trustworthy represent countries - not studying between variations but in countries, many rearing styles and cultures within, CVs such as location or poverty, distributions in Tokyo similar to western, rural had over representation cultural bias - imposes test for context, imposed etic, one cultural context in another, examine in many countries, britain and america lack of affection avoidant, germany, independent

Answer 9

limited explanation - confusion over types, Ritter said deprivation and privation, loss of attatchment or failure to form attatchment, orphans studied by goldfarb may be prived, long term damage not due to deprivation flawed evidence - bowlby carried out interview, research open to bias, may have anticipated, goldfarbs children experienced trauma critical v sensitive - prolonged separation affected if in 2 half years, koluchuva, twin boys suffered abuse from 18months to 7 years, recovered fully research support - levy et al, seperate rats from mother had effect, gao et al, poor quality care meant psychopathy

Answer 10

real life application - can improve conditions, understand effects of care, how to prevent effects, social workers, reduce disinhibited attatchment few CVs - previous studies had trauma, neglect etc, difficult to detangle effects, romanian handed over by loving parents, institutional measured lack of adult data - most recent data from early 20s, can’t answer long term effects, mental health and relationships, don’t know long term effects

Answer 11

research support - review of evidence, attatchment predicts later and wellbeing, type of attatchments tells how strong link is, avoidant mild, disorganised mental disorder, secure attatchment advantageous methodology - assessed retrospectively, not longitudinal, ask participants about relationship, relies on honesty, impacted by social desirability, difficult to know if child or adult attatchment assessed reductionism - confounding variable and other explanation, mccarthy, attatchment in infancy, valid, association affected for example traumatic incident, genetically influenced