Topic: Classical and Contemporary Theories

Question 1

Hippocrates

Answer 1

Was the first to separate the discipline of medicine from philosophy and to establish a more scientific approach to physiology.

Question 2

Descartes

Answer 2

One of the first thinkers to offer a systematic description of the relationship between the mind and brain.

Question 3

Darwin

Answer 3

Proposed that animals and humans evolved and changed from common ancestors through a process of natural selection.

Question 4

Wundt

Answer 4

Established the first psychological laboratories to study humans.

Question 5

Psychoanalysis

Answer 5

Sigmund Freud developed psychoanalysis, which is the revolutionary approach to treating people with psychological disorders.

Question 6

Humanistic

Answer 6

The humanistic perspective explored the individuals unique conscious experience.
Rogers and Maslow contributed to the humanistic approach.

Question 7

Cognitive

Answer 7

The structure of the computer was used as a metaphor for the workings of the mind.

Question 8

Socio-cultural

Answer 8

Understands the importance of social and cultural differences, and examines how a persons beliefs, values and traditions influence his or her thoughts, feelings and behaviours.

Question 9

Psychologist

Answer 9

Cannot prescribe medication or perform medical procedures.

Question 10

Psychiatrist

Answer 10

Can prescribe medication and perform medical procedures.

Question 11

Pseudo science

Answer 11

Do not use controlled scientific methods

Question 12

Why is psychology considered a science?

Answer 12

It is based on empirical evidence and controlled experiments

Question 13

What is the independent variable?

Answer 13

The variable that is deliberately manipulated by the experimenter

Question 14

What is the dependent variable?

Answer 14

The variable that is being measured during the research

Question 15

Extraneous variable

Answer 15

A variable other than the iv that has an effect on the dv

Question 16

What is the sample?

Answer 16

The members of the population that have been chosen to take part in the research.

Question 17

What is random sampling?

Answer 17

A sampling procedure in which every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected.

Question 18

Experimental group

Answer 18

Exposed to the iv

Question 19

Control group

Answer 19

Not exposed to the iv

Question 20

Qualitative data

Answer 20

Description of the characteristics

Question 21

Quantitative data

Answer 21

Measurements

Question 22

Subjective data

Answer 22

Information about variables being studied based on opinion.

Question 23

Objective data

Answer 23

Measured according to an identifiable external criterion.

Question 24

Nominal data

Answer 24

Data that has qualitative value

Question 25

Ordinal value

Answer 25

Data that has definite sequence, but the gap between one level and the next is not constant.

Question 26

Naturalistic observation

Answer 26

Observation occurring within subjects natural habitat

Question 27

Controlled observation

Answer 27

Observation of behaviours within a structured environment

Question 28

Cross sectional studies

Answer 28

Data is collected at one time from participants of all ages and different age groups are compared

Question 29

Longitudinal studies

Answer 29

The same participants are investigated over a period of time.

Question 30

Role of the ethics comittee

Answer 30

To take account of the ethical considerations and indicate to the experimenter any changes that need to be made before approving a study.

Question 31

Aristotle

Answer 31

Believed that reasoning and thinking took place in the heart, and that the brain was a large gland situated directly behind the nose, that helped to cool down the forces of life that descended from heaven and entered the body.