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RD Exam, Domain 1 > Topic C: Research Applications > Flashcards

Topic C: Research Applications Flashcards

1
Q

Results vs Discussion

A

Results: Specific lab, clinical, objective, or subjective findings
Discussion: Interpretation of results

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2
Q

In a study, which group receives the program/treatment?

A

Experimental group

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3
Q

Study Designs: Parallel

A

Participants are randomly assigned to a particular treatment group and remain on that treatment throughout the study

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4
Q

Descriptive Research

A

Gathers new data needed to generate cause & effect relationships

  • Provides baseline data and monitors change over time
  • Establishes associations among factors, but does NOT allow causal relationships to be determined
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5
Q

Types of Descriptive Research

A
  • Qualitative research
  • Case report, case study, or case series
  • Surveys
  • Correlation/ecological studies
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6
Q

Qualitative Research

A

A type of descriptive research

  • Often precedes other research
  • Describes observations in non-numerical terms
  • Data (narrative, non-numeric) is collected via interviews, observations, questionnaires
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7
Q

Case report, case study, or case series

A

A type of descriptive research

  • Intensive inquiry abut a person or population with a common disease/condition
  • Helps identify variables related to the condition’s etiology, care, or outcomes
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8
Q

Survey

A

A type of descriptive research

  • Questionaire or interview to describe the characteristics of a population
  • Has defined time frame; pinpoints problems
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9
Q

Correlation/Ecological Study

A

A type of descriptive research

  • Compares the frequency of events (or disease rates) in different populations VS the per capita consumption of certain dietary factors
  • Ex: Correlation between fish consumption and breast cancer incidence
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10
Q

Analytical Research

A

Evaluates the effects of variables to establish cause & effect relationships

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11
Q

Types of Analytical Research

A
  • Experimental Model
  • Quasi-experimental design
  • Cohort studies
  • Case-control studies
  • Cross-sectional/prevalence studies
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12
Q

Experimental Model

A

A type of analytical research

  • Participants are randomized into experimental and control groups
  • Gold standard: Randomized control trial (RCT)
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13
Q

Best method for evaluation medical treatments and interventions

A

Randomized control trial

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14
Q

Parallel Design of a RCT

A

Participants are randomly assigned to a particular treatment group and remain on that treatment throughout the study

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15
Q

Quasi-Experimental Study Design

A

A type of analytical research

- Time series: Measurements are taken before and after a program to see if there’s a noteworthy change

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16
Q

Cohort Study

A

A type of analytical research

- Tracks a group of people with something in common (to see if they develop a disease/condition over time)

17
Q

Case-control Study

A

A type of analytical research

- Compares the past behaviors of two similar groups - one with a disease and the other without - to see how they differ

18
Q

Cross-sectional/prevalance study

A

A type of analytical research

  • One-time data collection (snapshot) to count all cases of a specific disease among a group of people at a specific time
  • Describes current, not past events
19
Q

Relevance/Validity: Definition and when it is used

A

Ability to measure phenomenon it intends to measure

- Used when several products compete against one another

20
Q

Reliability

A

Consistency/reproducibility of test results

21
Q

Sensitivity vs Specificity

A

Sensitivity: Proportion of afflicted individuals who test positive
Specificity: Proportion of non-afflicted individuals identified as non-afflicted

22
Q

Percentage of all observations in a normal distribution that fall within 1 SD of the mean

A

68% (2/3)

23
Q

Double-blind study

A

Neither the researcher nor the subject know who is receiving treatment vs placebo (removes bias from research)

24
Q

Mortality

A

Rate of death

25
Q

Morbidity

A

State of disease

26
Q

Inferential statistics

A

Techniques that allow conclusions to extend beyond an immediate data set (ex- what is the probability that the results can be applied to a large group? What can you infer from the results of your study?)

27
Q

Pilot Study

A

A scaled-down version of a larger study to see if the study plan will work
- Includes every step in the study

RD Exam, Domain 1 (4 decks)

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