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Bio 101 > Topic C > Flashcards

Topic C Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

One of the unifying principles of biology that states that all organisms are made of one or more cells, cells are the fundamental unit of life, and all cells come from preexisting cells

A

Cell Theory

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2
Q

Structures common to ALL cells

A

Every cell has DNA and RNA, enclosed by a plasma membrane, contains a water-based fluid called cytosol, contains ribosomes, and contains cytoplasm

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3
Q

What is the difference between cytoplasm and cytosol?

A

The cytoplasm includes all cell contents except the nucleus. The cytosol is the fluid portion of the cytoplasm.

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4
Q

What is the advantage of having cells close to the surface?

A

Nutrients, water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and waste products enter or leave a cell through it’s surface

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5
Q

Prokaryotes

A

Organisms with prokaryotic cells

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6
Q

Description of prokaryotic cells

A

Lacks nucleus and membrane bound organelles, unicellular, smaller than eukaryotic cells

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7
Q

What domains are prokaryotic cells put in?

A

Domain archaea and domain bacteria

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8
Q

Share characteristics with bacteria and eukaryotes but have unique structures and chemistry (closer related to eukaryotes)

A

Domain Archaea

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9
Q

Most abundant and diverse organisms, Earth’s oldest organisms, most have a cell wall that protects the cell and gives it shape, DNA is circular and is located in the nucleoid

A

Domain Bacteria

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10
Q

Eukaryotes

A

Organisms with eukaryotic cells

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11
Q

Description of eukaryotic cells

A

Have a true nucleus, larger than prokaryotic cells, have a cytoskeleton made of protein, and can be unicellular or multicellular

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12
Q

What domain are eukaryotic cells placed in?

A

Domain eukaryote

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13
Q

What kingdoms are in domain eukaryote?

A

Category of Protista (includes many kingdoms) and kingdom Animalia, kingdom Fungai, and kingdom Plantae

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14
Q

What are organelles?

A

Structures inside cells that have specific shapes and functions

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15
Q

True or false: organelles are found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, but only eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles

A

True

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16
Q

What are organelles made of?

A

Macromolecules like carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids

17
Q

What are two structures that plant cells have but animal cells lack?

A

Cell wall and chloroplast

18
Q

Structures that manufacture proteins

A

Ribosomes

19
Q

Forms a boundary between the cell wall and it’s environment, encloses the cytoplasm

A

Cell (plasma) membrane

20
Q

Provides structural support and protection to plant cells only

A

Cell wall

21
Q

Small membranous spheres that transport materials inside the cell; can pinch off one organelle and fuse to another in a cell

A

Vesicles

22
Q

This functions as a “recipe” for every protein a cell can make

A

Nucleus

23
Q

Studded with ribosomes making proteins that enter the inner ER and the proteins will then be secreted from the cell

A

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

24
Q

Synthesizes lipids and other membrane components, houses enzymes that detoxify drugs/poison, in muscles it stores/delivers calcium ions necessary for muscle contraction

A

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

25
Q

Proteins from ER pass through here and are folded and functional now, manufactures and attaches carbs to proteins/lipids as “name tags” to be recognized by the immune system

A

Golgi apparatus

26
Q

Organelles containing enzymes that dismantle/recycle food particles, captured bacteria, worn-out organelles, and debris in animal cells only

A

Lysosomes

27
Q

Watery solution of enzymes that degrade/recycle molecules and organelles, grows plant cells, and helps plants stay upright and rigid; found in both animal and plant cells but more common in plants

A

Vacuoles

28
Q

Organelles that contain several types of enzymes that dispose of toxic substance

A

Peroxisome

29
Q

Organelles that use cellular respiration to extract needed energy from food, includes DNA and RNA, only found in animal cells

A

Mitochondria

30
Q

The site of photosynthesis, includes DNA and RNA, only found in plant cells

A

Chloroplast

Bio 101 (4 decks)

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