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Bio 101 > Topic B > Flashcards

Topic B Flashcards

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1
Q

Any living material that is composed of atoms and takes up space

A

Matter

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2
Q

Elements required in large amounts and make up the majority of living cells

A

Bulk elements

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3
Q

What are the four most abundant elements in living cells?

A

Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen

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4
Q

Elements that are required in living systems but in small amounts

A

Trace elements

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5
Q

Give two examples of trace elements

A

Iron and zinc

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6
Q

How are elements identified?

A

By the number of protons

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7
Q

An atom’s nucleus contains

A

Protons and neutrons

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8
Q

What charge do protons have?

A

Positive charge

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9
Q

What charge do neutrons have?

A

Neutral (no charge)

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10
Q

What charge do electrons have?

A

Negative charge

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11
Q

The atomic number of an atom is determined by what?

A

The number of protons

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12
Q

Atoms can gain or lose charge. An atom with a charge is a what?

A

Ion

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13
Q

When does an ion have a positive charge?

A

When electrons are lost

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14
Q

When does an ion have a negative charge?

A

When electrons are gained

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15
Q

The mass number of an atom is

A

The number of protons + the number of neutrons

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16
Q

What is the difference between an atom and an element?

A

An atom is the smallest unit of matter. An element is a substance made up of only one type of atom.

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17
Q

What are atoms called that have different number of neutrons?

A

Isotopes

18
Q

What is a radioactive isotope?

A

An isotope that emits energy as rays or particles when they break down into more stable forms

19
Q

What is a molecule?

A

Two or more atoms joined together (can be atoms of the same or different elements)

20
Q

What ions impact the pH of solutions?

A

Hydrogen ions

21
Q

pH7=

A

Neutral

22
Q

pH<7=

A

Acidic

23
Q

pH>7=

A

Alkaline

24
Q

What are the biological or organic molecules?

A

Carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids

25
Q

What are monomers?

A

Small molecules (subunits) that are the fundamental building blocks of larger molecules

26
Q

What are polymers?

A

A chain of subunits (monomers) held together by chemical bonds

27
Q

Carbohydrate monomers are called

A

Monosaccharides and disaccharides

28
Q

What are examples of carbohydrate monomers?

A

Glucose, fructose, and galactose

29
Q

Carbohydrate polymers are called

A

Polysaccharides

30
Q

What are examples of carbohydrate polymers?

A

Complex carbohydrates; cellulose, chitlin, starch, and glycogen

31
Q

What are the functions of carbohydrates?

A

Quick energy/store energy, support cells, and structural support

32
Q

What are amino acids?

A

Monomers of proteins

33
Q

What are polypeptides?

A

Polymers of proteins

34
Q

What is the function of proteins?

A

Carries out nearly all of the work of the cell

35
Q

What are nucleotides?

A

Monomers of nucleic acid

36
Q

What are examples of nucleotides?

A

Adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine, uracil

37
Q

What are the polymers of nucleic acids?

A

DNA and RNA

38
Q

What is the function of nucleic acids?

A

Store and use genetic information and transmit it to the next generation

39
Q

Do lipids have monomers and polymers?

A

No! Lipids have three different subunits.

40
Q

Triglycerides

A

Glycerol and three fatty acid chains; store energy

41
Q

Steroids

A

Carbon chains and rings; stabilize animal membranes, sex hormones

42
Q

Phospholipids

A

Glycerol, two fatty acid chains, and phosphate; form a major part of biological membrane

Bio 101 (4 decks)

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