Topic A - Digital Devices in IT Systems Flashcards
1
Q
What is a multifunctional devices?
A
A device that is capable of performing more than one specific function as well as inputting and outputting data. It is known as multifunctional peripherals and MFD.
2
Q
What are touchscreens used for?
A
They are used on tablet devices to allow users to input without a separate keyboard or mouse.
3
Q
What is a multifunctional printer?
A
A device that usually combines printing, scanning and faxing functions all into a single device.
4
Q
Where are multifunctional printers used at?
A
They are popular for use in home offices for people who work from home and do not have the spaces or money for three separate devices.
5
Q
What are examples of a multifunctional devices?
A
Multifunctional printers, touchscreens, force feedback game controllers.
6
Q
What are force feedback game controllers?
A
They are used on games consoles to allow you to control the game and receive vibration output.
7
Q
Give an example of a vibration output on a games console?
A
Rumbling in a car game when you go off track or fighting game when you are hit.
8
Q
Personal computers?
A
Small and inexpensive computers used by individual users such as desktops.
9
Q
How are PCs able to perform common tasks?
A
By installing a new software application to ensure that the computer become capable of performing a new function.
10
Q
What 3 things do PCs contain?
A
Individual processors
RAM
Hard disk components with expansion ports.
11
Q
What additional capabilities can be upgraded on a PC?
A
Replacing hard disk, more storage or adding a graphics card to an expansion port, improves graphics processing power.
12
Q
How are PCs used in workplace?
A
Word processing, desktop publishing, spreadsheets, database management systems, creative tasks (music, film editing).
13
Q
How are PCs used in personal lives?
A
Accessing internet, surfing the web or email, gaming which most likely require a expensive graphic card.
14
Q
What is a digital device?
A
Piece of physical equipment that uses digital data, such as sending, receiving, storing or processing it.
15
Q
What 9 types of digital devices are there?
A
- Personal computers
- Mobile devices
- Servers
- Entertainment systems
- Navigation systems
- Multifunctional devices
- Digital cameras
- Data capture and collections systems
- Communication devices and
systems
16
Q
What is a an entertainment systems?
A
Computing devices that are designed to entertain for watching TVs or films, listening to music and playing video games.
17
Q
Advantages of an entertainment systems?
A
Good hard disk storage for storing TV or films, music and games.
Built in internet connectivity capabilities such as WiFi.
Access to streaming and online gaming services.
18
Q
Give 3 example of an entertainment systems?
A
Digital media players
MP3 players
Video game consoles
19
Q
What is the use of portable media players?
A
Portable media players can be used to download media to device and are played off hard disk.
20
Q
What is the use of MP3 players?
A
Used to access and listen to music on a small portable device.
21
Q
What is the use of MP4 players?
A
They are the same as MP3 players but can be used to watch videos as well.
22
Q
What is the use of video game consoles?
A
Allow you to play video games.
Can use the internet to play games online with people globally.
23
Q
What are navigation systems?
A
A digital devices that uses GPS (Global Positioning System) to provide a real time map of our current location, allowing us to plan a route to be directed to a chosen destination.
24
Q
What is an example of navigation systems?
A
In car satnav
25
What features do some navigation systems have?
Identifying traffic, roadworks and accident that may delay your journey.
Provide an accurate destination time.
26
What is the use of in car satnav?
Used instead of traditional maps to help you direct you along the fastest route.
Can be integrated directly into car dashboard but it often standalone.
27
Why has standalone satnavs been replaced?
As navigation systems are being used in mobile devices for driving, walking and cycling.
28
What is a mobile devices?
A computing device that is designed to be portable as it is compact, lightweight and capable of running for extended periods on battery power and is made with portability in mind to give people computer and internet access while on the go.
29
What is 2 examples of an mobile devices?
Tablets
| Smartphones
30
What is a disadvantage of mobile devices?
They all use touchscreen so are bad for word processing tasks.
Also have limited processing capabilities so are bad for graphic games or film editing.
31
What are uses for mobile devices?
Accessing internet on the go, playing games, calendars, email access.
32
What key feature helps make mobile devices more compact and reduce power consumption?
System on a Chip
33
What is a System on a Chip?
The core components of the computers are integrated onto a single chip. (CPU, GPU and RAM)
34
What is a disadvantage of System on a Chip?
It is hard to upgrade a mobile device as all the components are integrated on the chip.
35
What is a server?
A computer that manages access to different resources and services over a network.
36
How do PCs connect to a server?
Via Ethernet cables and WiFi (Forming a network)
37
What is the difference between servers and PCs?
Contain larger storage capacity, higher processing power and larger amount of memory.
38
Give 4 examples of an servers?
Mail servers
Web servers
Print servers
File servers
39
How do web servers work?
Web server stores the web page and associate files.
Client computer would then make a request for a web page to sever by entering the URL.
The webservers locate the correct files and send back to client.
40
Why are web servers used?
To manage access to web pages.
41
Why are mail servers used?
To manage access to email.
42
How do mail servers work?
When you write an email and press send then it goes to the outgoing mail server. The mail server then send across a network to recipient mail server and store in their mailbox.
When recipient logs into their email client, the mail server will forward email to their computer.
43
Why are file servers used?
To store your files such as word processors and spreadsheets so they are accessible from any computer on the network.
44
Why are print servers used?
To share access to a printer.
45
How do print servers work?
By using a print server, you can send your files to print from any computer on the network.
46
What is a System on a Chip?
The core components of the computer are integrated onto a single chip (CPU, GPU and RAM).
47
What is digital camera?
A device that is capable of taking photo and video and recording it as digital data.
48
How does a digital camera store photo and videos as digital data?
By using a grid of photosensors that convert light into digital pixels that our computer can store, usually on a memory card.
49
What is a megapixel?
Megapixels is the number of individual pixels of colour that are used to record an image.
50
The more megapixel a camera has...
The higher the quality the image is.
51
How many megapixels does a modern digital camera have?
20 megapixels
52
What does most digital camera devices have?
They contain a built in memory card slot to store the digital pictures and videos directly on the digital camera device.
53
What is the benefit of having a removable memory card in a digital camera?
It allows you to then transfer them to another device so that they can be stored on a computer and displayed on screen.
54
What are 2 examples of digital cameras?
Digital still cameras and digital video cameras.
55
What is a use of a digital camera?
You can upload the pictures or videos and share them as well as edit the photos.
56
What does photoshopping mean?
The use of a software program that we can use to remove blemishes or perform heavier changes to a photo.
57
What is data capture and collection systems?
They input and store data through methods other than direct data entry (such as through a keyboard).
The data is entered as a result of a related activity.
58
What does data capture and collection systems allow?
The data to be entered into a computer system directly during the data capture stage and so greatly reduces the amount of human error issues that happen when manually entering data.
59
What are 3 examples of data capture and collection systems?
Barcode scanners
Optical mark readers (OMR)
Magnetic ink character readers (MICR)
60
Where are barcodes used?
On the back of products.
61
How do barcode scanners capture data?
They capture data by reading the width of dark and light bars.
When the barcode is read, it matches it to a database of products on the computer and returns information.
62
Where is OMR used?
Used in shops for inputting lottery tickets.
63
How is OMR used in the lottery?
Pre printed forms like lottery tickets are designed so that when marks are placed on it, the OMR device can detect what number you select from the mark location on the form.
64
What is MICR used for?
Verifying that cheques are legititimate.
65
How does MICR verify cheques?
The magnetised ink is used to write a code on the bottom of the cheque.
The MICR device reads the magnetic field of the characters to read the code to ensure that it is a legitimate cheque.
66
What are communications devices and systems?
A device that is used to move data between two other devices, such as two computers.
67
What do communication devices allow?
They allow us to transmit data between devices over a network in various ways.
68
What are 3 examples of communication devices and systems?
Network Interface Cards (NIC)
Wireless Dongles (WiFi Dongles)
Routers
69
What is the use of a Network interface card?
Allow data to be transferred to and from a networked computer by connecting an ethernet cable.
70
Where are NICs used?
Desktop PCs.
71
What is the use of wireless dongles?
Allow you to either transfer data to a router wirelessly as part of a local area network or connect to a mobile broadband network.
72
Where are wireless dongles used?
Used in laptops.
73
What is the use of a router?
Directs data to its correct destination over a large network.
74
When is a router required?
Wherever two networks meet.
75
What are the 6 uses of digital devices?
```
Education and training
Personal
Social
Retail
Organisational use
Creative tasks
```
76
What three categories are there in Education and training?
Interactive whiteboards
Virtual learning enviroments (VLE)
Online learning
77
What is the use of interactive whiteboards?
Used by teacher to support teaching in front of a class.
78
Why are interactive whiteboards multifunctional?
They display output on the screen and take input such as when used as a touchscreen to write notes and input commands.
79
Why are interactive whiteboards beneficial?
The note taken can be saved to a central location that can be accessed by students to use outside of school.
80
Where are Virtual Learning Environment used?
Used in schools.
81
What is a VLE?
Like a website that allow teachers to upload resources to the site so that they can share them with students.
82
What benefit is a VLE to a student?
They can access their learning at home so can prepare for exams or homework.
83
What benefit is a VLE to a teacher?
They can mark the work submitted by the students and so students can access feedback whenever.
84
Where is online learning used?
Can access the sites through PC or mobile devices.
85
What does online learning do?
Allows you to access visual content like videos, animation and audio explanations.
86
What type of digital camera is used in online learning?
A webcam ( videos can be shared online through different sites).
87
What 3 categories are there for personal uses of digital devices?
Entertainment
Online shopping and banking
Home appliances
88
Where do we use entertainment systems?
To watch film and TV, listen to music and play video games.
89
What are the advantages of streaming films online?
No longer store files on computers, saving storage space on hard disk and accessing media content is now cheaper.
90
What are digital media players used for?
To access streaming on television set.
91
What are video games consoles used for?
Allows us to play games online with others without needing to be in the same location.
92
What is a disadvantage of entertainment systems?
Piracy now occurs where content such as films or music is illegally transferred over the internet for free.
93
What does online shopping allow us?
Allows us to purchase anything and being able to get it delivered the same day.
94
What does online banking allow us?
Allows us to manage our finances such as checking our bank statements and transferring money.
95
What is the benefits of online banking and shopping?
You can do it from your home.
Saves time and money.
Helpful for people who live in remote locations.
People with disabilities who would find it difficult to get to the high street.
96
What is a use of home appliances?
Controlling the central heating system through your smartphone system through your smartphone allowing us to turn the heating on or off without being at home.
97
What is the advantages of home appliances?
Can help reduce costs and conserve energy.
98
What categories are there for social uses of digital devices?
Social networking
Instant messaging
VOIP
99
What does social networking allow us do?
Allow us to create a network of friends where people are able to see our posts.
You can also message people directly through messaging services on the sites.
You can create or join groups and talk about similar interests.
100
What are the disadvantages of social networking?
Can be very distracting and time consuming which can affect productivity in the workplace.
Has also reduced the amount of face to face interactions.
101
What does instant messaging allow us to do?
Allows us to hold real time text based conversations with others.
102
What is an advantage of instant messaging?
Messaging is cheaper and allows us to group message.
103
Instant messaging is proprietary meaning...
You need the person you are messaging with to have the same Instant Messaging app.
104
What is VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol)?
A type of software that allows you to have a real time voice and video conversations.
105
What is an example of VoIP?
Skype
106
Why has VoIP become more popular?
It gives the ability to have video along with voice and the ability to hold group conversations and being cheaper.
107
What categories are there for retail use of digital devices?
EPOS
Stock management
Retail website
108
What is EPOS?
Electronic Point Of Sale is a computerised checkout till.
109
What does EPOS use?
It uses digital devices to record sales as well as to take payment for the sales.
110
What are examples of EPOS?
Barcode readers
MICR
Contactless payment
111
What is the advantages of EPOS?
Sales process is quicker and more efficient.
| Reduction in staff error.
112
What is stock management?
A database management system that run on servers will connect to the EPOS system.
113
What happens when a product is sold (stock management)?
The information is sent through to the server and the database will be updated with new reduced stock level.
114
How can we automatically order stock from our homes?
A stock management server can be connected via the internet to the servers at the warehouse.
115
Why do we need less administrative staff if stock management systems are in place?
Stock management automates most of the processes that monitor stock and make orders.
116
Having less administrative staff means...
Business save money.
| Reduce human error.
117
Why do shops have online retail websites?
To sell and advertise their products over the internet.
118
What do a business need to run an online website?
A web server to host the site.
| PC to develop the site.
119
What is the benefit of retail websites?
Cheaper than buying a store.
Can sell products to a world wide audience.
Make sales 24/7
120
What 3 categories come under organisational use?
Administration
Video conferencing
Design and manufacturing
121
Why would an organisation use spreadsheets and accounting software?
To manage their finances (tracking sales, expenditure, calculating tax).
122
Why do organisations use word processors, desktop publishers and presentation software?
To produce documents they require for their business operation (Producing sales, report, presentations, brochures).
123
How has digital devices made a business more productive?
Less time is spent correcting human error.
124
What does video conferencing software packages allows you to do?
Allow you to have voice and video conversation (VoIP).
125
What is video conferencing designed to have?
To have multiple people take part in meetings.
126
What added features does video conferencing have?
Able to display a presentation.
| Share documents.
127
How does video conferencing benefit businesses?
Saves times and money as employees don't need to travel to the same location.
Helps support employees working from home.
128
Where is CAD software used?
Used in construction industry for architectural drawings and manufacturing of parts.
129
Where is CAM controlled machinery used?
Produce the objects designed with CAD software.
130
How has design and manufacturing helped businesses?
Made them more efficient.
131
What is a benefit of CAD?
Designs can be modified easily if changes are required.
| Designs can be sent over email.
132
What is a benefit of CAM?
Machinery can work 24/7
| Reduces human error as task is produced to the same standard each time.
133
What 3 categories come under creative tasks?
3D Graphics
Photo or video editing
Graphic design
134
Why are 3D models being used in movies?
It is quicker and changes can be easily made.
135
What has 3D graphics done to video games?
Added a new level of realism to video games.
136
What does digital cameras allow you to do?
Edit the photos (Fixing the lighting or removing objects, red blemishes).
137
What is disadvantage of photo editing?
People in magazines are heavily edited sets expectations to younger generations.
138
What types of graphics and documents use graphic design?
```
Logos
Leaflets
Magazines
Books
Comics
```
139
What do we use desktop publishing software for?
Designing the layout and typesetting (Books).
140
What are advantages of graphic design?
More efficient than manually typesetting.
| You can send data to printers quickly.
141
What is a peripheral device?
A hardware device that isn't required for the computer to perform its primary function.
142
What are input devices used for?
To enter information into a computer system.
143
What 8 Input devices are there?
```
Keyboard
Mouse
Microphone
Webcam
Game controller
Sensor
Scanner
Graphics tablet
```
144
What is a keyboard?
Made up of a panel of keys, this device is used to input alphanumeric characters, symbols and simple commands into a computer.
145
What is a mouse?
A pointing device that allows a user to control a cursor on the screen in order to select objects that are displayed.
146
What is a microphone?
An audio input device that allows a user to enter sounds into the computer system.
147
What is a webscam?
A device used to input digital video or still pictures into a computer system.
148
What is a game controller?
Used to control video games, this can come in a gamepad form or in the form of a joystick.
149
What is a sensor?
An input device that takes reading from the environment such as temperature or light.
150
What is a graphics tablet?
A flat board and a pointing device, known as a stylus, that allows a user to enter data much like they're using a pen and paper.
151
What are output devices?
Output devices are used to send data from a digital device to a user or another device.
152
What 6 output devices are there?
```
Monitor
Projector
Printer
Plotter
Speakers
Actuator
```
153
What is a monitor?
A device that outputs a visual display of the user interface of any software that is currently being used on the computer.
154
What is a projector?
This projects a visual display of the user interface onto a wall or screen.
155
What is a printer?
A device that is used to produce physical copies of the documents and images produced using a computer system.
156
What is a plotter?
A type of printer that is designed to print out vector graphic images.
It typically prints to a very high quality on very large paper.
157
What are speakers?
A device that is designed to produce audio output by converting the digital audio signal from a computer into an analogue signal.
158
What is an actuator?
An output device that produces motion. We use it to control or move things.
159
What 5 storage devices are there?
```
Hard disk drives
Solid states drives
USB flash drives
SD cards
Optical disks
```
160
What form of storage is HDDs?
Magnetic
161
How is the data stored on HDDs?
Stores the data as magnetised area that represents a 1 and demagnetised area that represents a 0.
162
What are the advantages of HDDs?
Offer a big storage capacity at relatively low cost (Terabyte for less than £50).
A reliable storage method as they have long life span.
163
What are the disadvantages of HDDs?
Relatively slow read and write speed compared to SDDs.
Have a number of moving parts so can easily be damaged (Risky as portable device).
They are also heavier than alternatives.
164
What form of storage are Solid State Drives?
Flash memory.
165
How do SSDs store data?
The semiconductor chips can be switched on and off.
| On represents a 1 and off represents a 0.
166
What happens when you turn off the computer with a SSD.
It will remember the data.
167
What are the advantages of SSDs?
Have very fast read and write speeds (Faster to turn on computer, load programs and saves files).
Consume less power than HDDs (Useful for laptops).
No moving parts, less likely to be damaged.
168
What are the disadvantages of SDDs?
More expensive than HDDs (Terabyte cost over £200).
Lower storage capacity than HDDs due to high cost.
Have a finite number of writes before they no longer work.
169
What form of storage are USB flash drives?
Flash memory
170
What are the advantages of USBs?
Portable due to small size, lightweight and easy connectivity.
Durable and reliable as have no moving parts.
USB connector built in to device so highly compatible with devices.
171
What are disadvantages with USBs?
Can be easily lost.
Have a finite amount of writes.
Compared with HDD and SDD, it have low storage capacity.
172
What does SD Card stand for?
Secure Digital Card
173
Where are SD cards used?
In digital cameras
174
What are the advantages of SD cards?
Extremely small and portable.
Easy to transfer data between devices.
Reliable storage devices, less likely to be damaged by knocks
175
What are the disadvantages of SD cards?
Low storage capacity.
| A lot of variety which can cause compatibility issues.
176
What form of storage is Optical Disks?
Optical storage
177
How does optical storage work?
Uses a laser to mark the disks in a pattern.
Light is bounced off the disk.
Marked areas are pit and represents 0s.
Non marked areas are lands and represent a 1.
178
What are the advantages of Optical disks?
```
Most PCs have optical disk drives and so is compatible.
Highly portable (Used for distributing software, films).
```
179
What are the disadvantages of Optical disks?
Small storage capacity (700 MB, Blu-Ray 50 GB).
Easily damaged.
Work for a finite numbers of writes.
180
What does manual data processing?
An individual enters data into the computer.
181
Where would you use manual data processing?
Customer booking systems.
Marking exams.
Customer satisfaction survey.
182
What are examples of automatic data processing?
Optical mark readers
Barcode readers
Smart readers
183
What are 2 disadvantages of Manual Data Processing?
Human error
| Time consuming
184
What are 2 advantages of manual data processing?
```
Complex data (Harder for automated system)
Reduced training
```
185
What are 2 advantages of automatic data processing?
Accuracy
| Time and cost
186
What are 2 disadvantages of automatic data processing?
Inflexible (Only some data can be entered).
| Require staff training.
187
What is a trackball?
This device is made up of a ball that sits within a holder that can be rotated in order to move the cursor on the screen.
188
What is a Braille keyboard?
They use braille characters on each key of the keyboard.
189
What is a braille embosser?
This is a printer that will output using braille cells as opposed to standard ink text.
190
What are screen magnifiers?
This usually attaches to an existing monitor and magnifies the display output to make it easier to see.
191
What are eye typers?
This uses a camera mounted on the computer that track the user eye movement to detect where they are looking in order to enter data with an onscreen keyboard. Clicks can be recorded by blinking slowly.
192
What 5 accessibility device should be used for someone with a visual impairment?
```
Braille Keyboard
Large Key Keyboard
Touchscreens
Braille Embossers
Screen Magnifiers
```
193
What 2 accessibility device should be used for someone with limited mobility?
Trackballs
| Eye Typers
194
What 4 types of operating systems are there?
Real time operating system
Single user single task operating systems
Single user single multitasking operating systems
Multi-user operating system
195
What is a Real Time OS?
Monitors external events and processes data as soon as it enters the computer system.
196
Where is a Real Time OS used?
Traffic lights
| Air traffic control systems
197
What is a single user single task OS?
Can only be used by one person at a time, one application can run at a time.
198
What are 2 examples of single user single task OS?
Old mobile phones (Not smartphones)
| Personal digital assistants
199
What is a single user multitasking OS?
Designed for only a single user at a time, however it can run multiple applications simultaneously.
200
What are 3 examples of a single user multitasking OS?
Microsoft Window 10
Mac OSX
Android
201
Where is a single user multitasking OS used?
Smartphones
Tablets
Personal computers
202
What is multi-user OS?
Allow many different users to make use of a computer system and its resources simultaneously.
203
Where would a multi-user OS be used?
Powerful servers
| Supercomputers
204
What are the 5 roles of operating systems?
```
Networking
Security
Memory Management
Multitasking
Device Drivers
```
205
What is an example of Networking in the OS?
TCP/IP is built into all major operating systems.
206
What is TCP/IP?
TCP/IP are the protocols that are fundamental in allowing us to transmit data over a network like the internet.
207
What features does networking have?
Utility programs (Managing and maintaining the network).
208
What is the role of security in the OS?
Comes with pre installed range of tools to help protect your computer from threats.
209
What is the role of memory management in the OS?
To assign memory to each of your applications running in order to allow them to run.
210
What is paging?
This is where the operating systems assigns applications to "virtual memory".
211
What is virtual memory?
Virtual memory is a portion of the hard disk that is used as an extension of your main memory. This portion of the hard disk is known as the page file.
212
What is the role of multitasking in the OS?
When you open a new software application it needs to assign resources, like processing time and memory.
213
Why is multitasking more complexed in an OS?
Processors only perform a single task at a time. The OS assigns small amounts of the processor time to each application so that it appears that they are running simultaneously.
214
Why would your computer slow down?
As you only have a limited amount of memory and processing power, if too many apps are opened it will slow down.
215
What is a device driver?
A small software program that controls the devices you connect to your computer.
216
What 4 user interfaces are there?
Graphical user interface
Command line interface
Menu based interface
Adapted interface
217
What is a graphical user interface?
Designed around graphical icons and images. We use a pointer as a mouse cursor, to navigate and interact with the computer using windows, icons and menus.
218
What are 2 examples of a GUI?
Window 10
| Mac OSX
219
What are 3 advantages for GUI?
Easy to use (for beginners)
Don't needs to learn complexed commands
Easy to move data between different software applications
220
What are 2 disadvantages of GUI?
Uses a lot of processing power, main memory to run.
| Can be slow to perform tasks for experienced users.
221
What is the command line?
A plain background with a simple text prompt that would allow you to enter in commands to perform actions.
222
What are the 2 advantages of the command line interface?
Easy to use for experienced users as they know the commands.
| Requires less memory and processing power in order to run.
223
What are 2 disadvantages of the command line interface?
Need to know the commands to operate it.
| Requires training to use it.
224
What is a menu based interface?
Presents the user with a menu that contains a list of options.
The user navigate through various submenu by choosing the relevant option in order to perform the function they want.
225
What are 2 examples of menu based interfaces?
ATM machines
| Self service machines
226
What are 2 advantaged of menu based interfaces?
Easy to use interface
| Easily adapted to different users
227
What are disadvantages of menu based interfaces?
Can be frustrating as can take a long time to navigate.
| Options are limited, complexed actions can't be taken.
228
What is an adapted interface?
It will alter its presentation, layout and even options in order to better support the user or the technology it is running on.
229
What is an example of an adapted interface?
Windows 10
230
What is an disadvantages of an adapted interface?
Needs user needs in order to adapt it which can be time consuming.
231
What are 3 operating systems factors?
Hardware
Malware
Virtual memory
232
What happens if your OS runs out of RAM/CPU?
It will start to reduce in performance and can lead to freezing and crashing as the computer struggles to effectively share the available resources.
233
What is an issue of hardware?
Overtime your hard disk become fragmented. This means that the data that makes up your files and applications are split in different locations across your hard disk.
234
How does a fragmented disk affect the OS performance?
When you ask for it to load an application or a file the operating system will find it harder to locate all the data required for those applications and files and so will slow down the loading time.
235
What can malicious software do?
Can affect the performance of the operating system.
236
How does malware affect the OS?
By corrupting data, affecting network traffic and disabling or taking over various functions of the operating system.
237
What can malware do to the system?
Can cause your system to slow down significantly and cause it to crash. It can damage your system so that it can't work without a reinstalled OS.
238
What does virtual memory lead to?
Reduced performance as not as efficient as main memory.
239
What is thrashing?
Operating system is having to constantly switch data between main memory and virtual memory.
240
What issue of virtual memory is caused by the page file?
When the page file is too small, it can't support the main memory.
241
What are the 6 factors that can affect the performance of utility software?
```
Disk defragmenter
Backup
Disk / Registry Cleaner
Software updates
Antivrius
Firewalls
```
242
What is disk defragmentation?
The disk defragmenter will analyse the hard disk and regroup data so that data relating to the same application or file are in the same location of the hard disk.
243
What will cause disk defragmentation a long time to clean?
If you do not regularly run the disk defragmenter and your hard disk becomes heavily fragmented.
244
What should you not do when the disk defragmenter is being used?
Shouldn't use the computer.
245
What slows down the defragmenter?
Applications running
Background programs
A large hard disk with data being stored
246
When would we use backup?
If the data on our hard disk is damaged (such as by a virus), we often use a backup to recover the lost data.
247
What does backup utility software do?
Can help simplify and automate backup process to make it easier to recover.
248
When would backup take longer?
If there is more to back up.
Defragmented hard drive can slow down performance.
Viruses and malware.
249
What are disadvantages of backing up to the cloud?
Requires a long time to upload backup.
250
What are the disadvantages of backing up to an external disk?
Can be slower depending on the connection used.
251
What does a disk cleaner utility do?
They identify data that can be removed to save hard disk space that can be used for newer data.
252
What does a registry cleaner do?
Removes old redundant registry entries, such as from deleted software programs.
253
How do disk or registry cleaners improve performance?
Reduce the read/write times.
254
What will slow down disk/registry cleaners?
If you have more to clean up.
Applications running.
Heavily fragmented hard drive.
255
What 4 types of productivity software is there?
Word processing
Spreadsheet
Database
Presentation
256
What 4 types of graphic or multimedia software is there?
CAD
Graphics editing
Desktop publishing
Video editing
257
What 3 types of personal software is there?
Home finance
Educational
Entertainment
258
What 4 types of communication software is there?
Email
Web browsing
VoIP
Instant messaging
259
What 3 factors should be considered when choosing application software?
Compatibility
Use
User experience
260
What is compatability?
Whether it works with your current hardware and software.
261
What is use?
Whether it has the required functionality.
262
What is user experience?
Whether the users are able to use the software comfortably.
263
What are the 5 images files types?
```
BMP
GIF
SVG
PNG
JPG
```
264
What is the colour depth of BMP
24 bits
265
What is the file size of BMP
Large
266
How many bits of uncompressed data per pixel is BMP?
24 bits of uncompressed data per pixel.
267
Who uses BMP?
Professional photographers.
268
Is GIF compressed or uncompressed?
Compressed
269
How much bit colour depth does GIF have?
8 bits
270
What is the file size of GIF?
Small
271
What type of decompression is GIF?
Loseless
272
What colour can GIF make?
Can make a singe colour transparent.
273
What are GIF used for?
It is used for emotive reactions, memes and moving images as advertisement on websites.
274
What file size is a PNG?
Low file size
275
What type of decompression is PNG?
Loseless
276
How many bit colour depth does PNG have?
32 bits
277
Can PNG be compressed or decompressed?
Compressed
278
What is the use of PNG images?
Complexed web images
279
Is JPG compressed or decompressed?
Compressed
280
What is the bit colour depth of JPG?
24 bit colour depth
281
What file size does JPG have?
Small
282
What type of compression is JPG?
Lossy
283
Why does JPG have poorer quality?
As it can't decompress back to the original state.
284
Where is JPG used?
Web
Email
Cloud storage
285
What 4 video types are there?
MP4
AVI
MKV
MOV
286
What are 3 advantages of MP4?
Compatible wide variety of media players.
Very good for streaming.
High quality.
287
What is disadvantage of MP4?
Limited compression
288
What is an example of MP4?
Youtube
289
What are 3 advantages of MOV?
Can convert to MP4 without recoding.
Very good for streaming over internet.
Good quality to file size.
290
What are the 2 disadvantages of MOV?
Not good quality.
| Compatibility is poor (Apple proprietary).
291
What are advantages of AVI?
Highest quality output.
Large file size.
Widely compatible.
292
What are 3 disadvantages of AVI?.
Limited compression features.
Poor for sharing online.
Not good for streaming.
293
What 6 advantages are there for MKV?
```
More flexible compression features
High quality videos
Can output ultra HD video
Good for streaming
Good for compression
Greater CODEC compatibility
```
294
What is a disadvantage for MKV?
Poor compatibility for media players.
295
What is 3 word processing file type is there?
DOCX
DOC
RTF
296
What is 3 spreadsheets file type?
XLSX
XLS
CSV
297
What is 2 database file type?
ACCDB
| MDB
298
What is an open source software license?
Give users both permission to use the software and access to view and modify the source code.
299
What is a proprietary software license?
Gives the end user permission to use the software but retains intellectual property right.
300
What are 4 advantages of open source software?
It is simpler (Free to use)
Easy to modify (Source code available)
Fast update cycle (Software developed, maintained by large company to fix bugs)
Better compatibility
301
What are 4 disadvantages of open source software?
Development can be abandoned (Author has no responsibility)
Maintaining updates can be difficult
No professional support
Can lead to malicious users
302
What are 4 advantages of proprietary software?
Support for updates, patches, bug fixes
Updates are simpler to maintain and install
Software is well supported by the company
Greater usability (more time spent on the development)
303
What are 4 disadvantages of proprietary software?
Licensing is more restrictive, complicated and are often expensive.
Source code is not available to be viewed and modified which mean software can't be updated.
Relies on the developer for updates.
Uses proprietary standards.
304
What are emerging technologies?
Technologies that are just starting to make an impact in the wider world.
305
What are 3 examples of personal uses of emerging technologies?
Smartwatches
Smart speakers
Self driving cars
306
What are 2 advantages of personal uses of emerging technologies?
Convenience
| Accessibility
307
What are 2 disadvantages of personal uses of emerging technologies?
Cost
| Over reliance
308
What are 3 examples of organisational uses of emerging technologies?
```
Augmented reality (Superimposing a computer image on a real world view)
Internet of Things
3D printing
```
309
What are 2 advantages of organisational uses of emerging technologies?
Productivity
| Reduced errors
310
What are 2 disadvantages of organisational uses of emerging technologies
Cost
| Staff training
311
What 10 factors affect the choice of IT system?
```
User experience
User needs
Specifications
Compatibility
Connectivity
Cost
Efficiency
Implementation
Productivity
Security
```
312
What is user needs?
What actual tasks the user wants to perform using the IT system.
313
What is specification?
The list of components required of a computer system in order to allow users to run the software they need and perform their tasks.
314
What is compatibility?
Whether the IT system can communicate with other devices you are using with it.
315
What is connectivity?
How a device can connect to a network, such as a LAN or the internet.
316
What is cost?
How much purchasing and running a device will cost you or your business.
317
What is efficiency?
How effectively tasks can be completed by the digital technology with as little wastage of resources.
318
What is implementation?
The time involved with putting a new system into effect.
319
What is productivity?
How quickly tasks can be completed when making use an IT system.
320
What is security?
How safe a device is from security threats, such as hackers and viruses.
321
What 4 factors come under user experience?
Ease of use
Performance
Availability
Accessibility
322
What is ease of use?
How simple and intuitive the device is to navigate and perform tasks on.
323
What is performance?
How powerful the device is, such as processing, memory, graphics and storage.
324
What is availability?
How often the device can be used, such as whether the device can be always on.
325
What is accessibility?
How available the device is to be used by someone with a disability.
326
What 3 factors come under implementation?
Timescales
Testing
Migration
327
What is timescales?
The time it takes for the new system to be delivered.
328
What is testing?
Ensuring the new system works correctly and our software is compatible and stable.
329
What is migration?
The process of transferring data, software and files from the old system to the new one.
